Articles you may be interested inStructural and dielectric properties of laser ablated BaTiO3 films deposited over electrophoretically dispersed CoFe2O4 grains Raman spectroscopic study of Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-x%BaTiO3 single crystals as a function of temperature and compositionThe low Curie temperature (T c ¼ 130 C) of bulk BaTiO 3 greatly limits its applications. In this work, the phase structures of BaTiO 3 nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 2.5 nm to 10 nm were studied at various temperatures by using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with an in-situ heating holder. The results implied that each BaTiO 3 nanoparticle was composed of different phases, and the ferroelectric ones were observed in the shells due to the complicated surface structure. The ferroelectric phases in BaTiO 3 nanoparticles remained at 600 C, suggesting a significant increase of T c . Based on the in-situ TEM results and the data reported by others, temperature-size phase diagrams for BaTiO 3 particles and ceramics were proposed, showing that the phase transition became diffused and the T c obviously increased with decreasing size. The present work sheds light on the design and fabrication of advanced devices for high temperature applications.