Increasing Prevalence and Severity of Clostridium difficile Colitis in Hospitalized Patients in the United States

Ricciardi, Rocco; Rothenberger, David A.; Madoff, Robert D.; Baxter, Nancy N.

doi:10.1001/archsurg.142.7.624

Cited by 238 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Diagnostic codes from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) were used to identify all patients who were discharged with a diagnosis of C. difficile-pseudomembranous colitis (ICD-9 code 8.45) [1,2] from January 2000 to December 2003. Patients with either a primary or secondary diagnosis of CDAD were summed to calculate yearly hospital rates/1000 discharges.…”

Section: Hospital Infection Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhoea and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality [1]. Recent population-based data reveal an increase in the prevalence and severity of CDAD in the United States [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent population-based data reveal an increase in the prevalence and severity of CDAD in the United States [1,2]. Changes in the epidemiology of C. difficile may be secondary to the emergence of epidemic strains in many areas of the United States and Canada [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of Clostridium difficile colitis infections in hospitals

et al. 2007

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Hospital-level predictors of high rates of 'Clostridium difficile-associated disease' (CDAD) were evaluated in over 2300 hospitals across California, Arizona, and Minnesota. American Hospital Association data were used to determine hospital characteristics associated with high rates of CDAD. Significant correlations were found between hospital rates of CDAD, common infections and other identified pathogens. Hospitals in urban areas had higher average rates of CDAD; yet, irrespective of geographic location, hospital rates of CDAD were associated with other infections. In addition, hospitals with 'high CDAD' rates had slower turnover of beds and were more likely to offer transplant services. These results reveal large differences in rates of CDAD across regions. Hospitals with high rates of CDAD have high rates of other common infections, suggesting a need for broad infection control policies. KeywordsArizona, California, clostridium difficile, cross infection, enterocolitis, pseudomembranous, geography, hospitals, humans, Minnesota, risk factors, urban population SUMMARYHospital-level predictors of high rates of ' Clostridium difficile-associated disease ' (CDAD) were evaluated in over 2300 hospitals across California, Arizona, and Minnesota. American Hospital Association data were used to determine hospital characteristics associated with high rates of CDAD. Significant correlations were found between hospital rates of CDAD, common infections and other identified pathogens. Hospitals in urban areas had higher average rates of CDAD ; yet, irrespective of geographic location, hospital rates of CDAD were associated with other infections. In addition, hospitals with 'high CDAD ' rates had slower turnover of beds and were more likely to offer transplant services. These results reveal large differences in rates of CDAD across regions. Hospitals with high rates of CDAD have high rates of other common infections, suggesting a need for broad infection control policies.

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Section: Hospital Infection Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of Clostridium difficile colitis infections in hospitals

et al. 2007

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“…These rates are lower than those reported for developed countries (4,31). Despite differences in geographic area and culture in these countries, inaccurate results could be obtained due to the need for individual equipment and defined culture media for the detection of these pathogens in patients' stool samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Comparison of the Detection Limits of the Culture and PCR Methods for the Detection of Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni, and Yersinia enterocolitica in Human Stool

Ganji

Azimirad

Farzi

et al. 2016

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Background: Detection of fastidious enteropathogenic bacteria in fecal samples of patients with gastroenteritis is a challenge in clinical microbiological laboratories. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the detection limits of the PCR and culture methods for the diagnosis of Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., Clostridium perfringens, and Clostridium difficile in human stool samples. Methods: Healthy human stool and sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) samples were separately spiked with 10-fold dilutions of C. jejuni, C. difficile, Y. enterocolitica, and C. perfringens reference strains to obtain final concentrations of 10 1 -10 8 colony forming

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“…In the past two decades, epidemiological data derived from US national administrative databases, hospital-based reports and populationbased studies have shown a two to four fold increase in the incidence of CDI in the past two decades, especially in the elderly [Ricciardi et al 2007;Zilberberg et al 2008aZilberberg et al , 2008b; [Muto et al 2005;McDonald et al 2006]. An outbreak in Quebec reported in 2004 showed increasing severity and a high mortality rate of 6.9% [Pepin et al 2004].…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium difficile infection: management strategies for a difficult disease

Khanna

Pardi

2013

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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Clostridium difficile was first described as a cause of diarrhea in 1978 and in the last three decades has reached an epidemic state with increasing incidence and severity in both healthcare and community settings. There also has been a rise in severe outcomes from C. difficile infection (CDI). There have been tremendous advancements in the field of CDI with the identification of newer risk factors, recognition of CDI in populations previously thought not at risk and development of better diagnostic modalities. Several treatment options are available for CDI apart from metronidazole and vancomycin, and include new drugs such as fidaxomicin and other options such as fecal microbiota transplantation. This review discusses the epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes from CDI, and focuses primarily on existing and evolving treatment modalities.

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Increasing Prevalence and Severity of Clostridium difficile Colitis in Hospitalized Patients in the United States

Abstract: To evaluate changes in the epidemiological features of Clostridium difficile colitis in hospitalized patients in the United States (C difficile is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhea that has been shown to be increasing in virulence in Canada and across Europe).

Cited by 238 publications

References 28 publications

Predictors of Clostridium difficile colitis infections in hospitals

Predictors of Clostridium difficile colitis infections in hospitals

Comparison of the Detection Limits of the Culture and PCR Methods for the Detection of Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni, and Yersinia enterocolitica in Human Stool

Clostridium difficile infection: management strategies for a difficult disease

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