Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal salmonellae, Kenya, 1994–2003

Kariuki, Samuel; Govind, Revathi; Kariuki, Nyambura; Muyodi, Jane; Mwituria, Joyce; Munyalo, Agnes; Kagendo, Dorothy; Murungi, Lawrence; Hart, C. A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.08.015

Cited by 62 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In Kenya the unregulated over-the-counter sale of these antibiotics due to self-treatment of suspected infection in humans, and to a lesser extent for use in animals without prescription contribute to emergence and rapid dissemination of resistance (15,22). This has exacerbated the problem of controlling microbes in a disease setting and has caused a resurgence of many bacterial diseases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Salmonella strains in chickens and humans may be associated with the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials both in animal and human treatments (13). Antibiotic resistance in these bacteria is often mediated by plasmids, some of which are self-transmissible (7,9,11,14,15), whereas others may be cotransferred by conjugative plasmids (14,15). As part of food safety policy, it is important to determine local patterns of antimicrobial resistance in food borne pathogens on a regular basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic resistant Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated from indiginous Gallus domesticus in Nairobi, Kenya

Wesonga¹,

Muluvi²,

Okemo³

et al. 2011

E Af Med Jrnl

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Objective: To characterise and investigate antimicrobial resistance of Esherichia coli and salmonella strains isolated from indigenous Gallus gallus in a leading slaughterhouse/ market outlet in Nairobi-Kenya. Design: A repeated cross sectional study and based on random sampling was used. Setting: The study was carried out in a leading market outlet in Nairobi, Kenya. Results: A hundred and four indigenous chicken rectal swabs were analysed, of which 67.3% were contaminated with Escherichia coli and 12

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistant Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated from indiginous Gallus domesticus in Nairobi, Kenya

Wesonga¹,

Muluvi²,

Okemo³

et al. 2011

E Af Med Jrnl

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“…However, more recently (Kariuki et al, 2005), isolations of S. Enteritidis from blood cultures have steadily increased to a current prevalence of 40 %, probably due to changing lifestyles as more people rear chickens for eggs as a source of protein in the home. As in previous studies (Berkley et al, 2005), the majority (68 %) of the children admitted to hospital with severe bacteraemia were below 3 years of age, and nearly half of these were in the below 1 year age group.…”

Section: Patients and Bacterial Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Africa and most other developing regions, multidrug resistance, particularly to commonly available antibiotics, remains a major challenge for the healthcare system (Bonfiglio et al, 2002;Kariuki et al, 2005;World Health Organization, 2000). In particular, multidrug-resistant NTS have caused life-threatening invasive disease outbreaks in children in many African countries, including Zaire (Cheesbrough et al, 1997;Green & Cheesbrough, 1993), Rwanda (Lepage et al, 1990), Nigeria (Adejuyigbe et al, 2004) and Malawi (Graham, 2002;Milledge et al, 2005).…”

Section: Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Nts and Resistance Plasmidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium causes serious outbreaks. For example, in Zaire (Cheesbrough et al, 1997;Green & Cheesbrough, 1993) and Rwanda (Lepage et al, 1990), multidrug-resistant S. Typhimurium is the predominant cause of bacteraemic illness in children, while in Kenya this serotype is the predominant isolate in children with salmonellae bacteraemia (Kariuki et al, 2002(Kariuki et al, , 2005Mwangi et al, 2002). The source and mode of transmission of NTS in the African context have remained unknown, although it is thought that human-to-human transmission may play an important role, and we have been unable to demonstrate the presence in humans of multidrug-resistant NTS that are phenotypically and genotypically similar to the NTS found in food animals in Kenya (Kariuki et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invasive multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in Africa: zoonotic or anthroponotic transmission?

Kariuki

Govind

Kariuki

et al. 2006

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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194

178

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In Africa, multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal salmonellae (NTS) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and high mortality in children under 5 years of age, second in importance only to pneumococcal disease. The authors studied NTS isolates from paediatric admissions at two hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya, and followed the index cases to their homes, where rectal swabs and stools from parents and siblings, and from animals in close contact, were obtained. The majority of NTS obtained from cases were Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (106 out of 193; 54?9 %) and Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (64; 33?2 %), a significant proportion (34?2 %) of which were multiply resistant to three or more antibiotics, including ampicillin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol. Only 23?4 % of NTS were fully susceptible to all 10 antibiotics tested. Of the 32 NTS obtained from contacts (nine adults and 23 children) at the homes of index cases, 21 (65?6 %) isolates were similar by antibiotic-susceptibility profiles and plasmid content, and their XbaI-and SpeI-digested chromosomal DNA patterns were indistinguishable from those of the corresponding index cases. Only three out of 180 (1?7 %) samples from environmental sources, including animals, soil, sewers and food, contained NTS matching those from corresponding index cases. The carriage of NTS in an asymptomatic population was represented by 6?9 % of human contacts from 27 out of 127 homes sampled. This population of carriers may represent an important reservoir of NTS that would play a significant role in the epidemiology of community-acquired NTS bacteraemia in children.

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Water utilization practices and wastage at household level: A case study of Lahore City

Chaudhry,

Khan,

Mahmood

et al. 2024

World Water Policy

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The current research places its emphasis on addressing the issue of water shortage, which, if left unaddressed, could hinder sustainable development in the broader Punjab region, with a particular focus on the city of Lahore. In pursuit of our research objectives, we conducted a comprehensive survey that involved 600 households within Lahore. Our research methodology included the usage of both quantitative and qualitative analysis which included interviews and snowball sampling. Our findings indicate a clear and direct correlation between water shortage and patterns of water utilization and wastage. The absence of sustainable strategies to ensure adequate water supply, efficient resource management, and universal sanitation poses a substantial threat to our future. To address water shortages, it is crucial to encourage the use of water‐saving appliances and fixtures like toilets, low‐flow faucets, and showerheads. The purpose of these measures is to conserve water and align it with sustainable development goals by encouraging resource utilization that is efficient, minimizing environmental impact. By implementing these solutions, both households and border areas can benefit from significant water‐saving practices. Consequently, we recommend that the government implement targeted programs aimed at raising awareness among individuals about responsible water usage and reducing wasteful practices within households.

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Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal salmonellae, Kenya, 1994–2003

Cited by 62 publications

References 28 publications

Antibiotic resistant <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from indiginous <i>Gallus domesticus</i> in Nairobi, Kenya

Antibiotic resistant <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from indiginous <i>Gallus domesticus</i> in Nairobi, Kenya

Invasive multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in Africa: zoonotic or anthroponotic transmission?

Water utilization practices and wastage at household level: A case study of Lahore City

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