Increasing Productivity of Newly Opened Paddy Field in Tidal Swampy Areas Using a Local Specific Technology

Abstract

<p>Expansion of new paddy land for rice in the tidal area is still experiencing problems, especially their toxic concentrations of Fe which can affect soil productivity. Efforts to improve the productivity of the newly opened paddy fields of tidal swampland are with drainage and specific nutrient management. The purpose of this research is an effort to increase the productivity of land through drainage management and application of ameliorant against iron toxicity in rice at the newly opened tidal swampland. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design is repeated 5 times. The results showed that technology of 1 week drying and 1 week inundation, limed 2 t ha<sup>-1</sup> and fertilized N 112.5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> 22.5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, K<sub>2</sub>O 67.5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> and organic materials by 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, can increase rice yields by 237% from 1.40 t ha<sup>-1</sup> to 4.72 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of dry milled grain and can reduce 50% of Fe in the soil content of 384 ppm to 192 ppm in the newly opened paddy fields of tidal swampland in dry season. While the rainy season, technology of 1 week drying and 2 week inundation, limed 2 t ha<sup>-1</sup> and fertilized of N 86.25 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> 30 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, K<sub>2</sub>O 15 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, and organic materials by 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, can increase rice yield 272 % from 1.21 t ha<sup>-1</sup> to 4.50 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of dry milled grain and can reduce 51.88% of Fe in the soil content of 1,168 ppm to 769 ppm. </p>

Genetic evaluation of tidal swamp rice from South Kalimantan, Indonesia based on the agro-morphological markers

“…Extensification is a program that carried out by many countries to realize food security or rice self-sufficiency programs (Nkamleu 2011). In general, the program aimed at increasing agricultural output by expanding the new agricultural land, such as clearing forests and shrubs, as well as marginal areas (Nkamleu 2011;Sulakhudin and Hatta 2018). The swamps, though fragile, turn out to have enormous potential for future agricultural purposes.…”

“…It is mainly related to the extent and distribution, as well as the potential for germplasm it has. In Indonesia, for example, there is 33.41-39.10 million ha of swamps, which can be useful for agricultural purposes and spread over several large islands, including Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Papua (Sulakhudin and Hatta 2018).…”

Genetic diversity and relationship of Indonesian swamp rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm based on agro-morphological markers

“…While this land is generally fragile and lacks nutrients, hopefully, through careful and intensive management, it can become potential agricultural land in the future (Khairullah, 2020). In Asia, about 211.5-224.1 million ha of swamp land is still available for agriculture (Wang, 2020) of which around 34 million ha are in Indonesia, comprising 200.7 million ha of tidal swamp and 13.3 million ha of monotonous swamp (Mursyidin et al, 2019) that is spread over several large islands, mainly Sumatra and Kalimantan (Sulakhudin and Hatta, 2018).…”