Increasing relevance of spring temperatures for Norway spruce trees in Davos, Switzerland, after the 1950s

Churakova, Olga V.; Eugster, Werner; Zielis, S.; Cherubini, Paolo; Etzold, Sophia; Saurer, Matthias; Siegwolf, Rolf; Buchmann, Nina

doi:10.1007/s00468-013-0941-6

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Ring width was slightly and positively related to spring temperatures (Churakova et al, 2014 ), but also to precipitation in September of the previous growing season and in current June (Figures 5A,B ). In accordance, Mäkinen et al ( 2002 ) found that precipitation during the growing season at low altitude sites (130 m a.s.l.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Novel Hydraulic Vulnerability Proxies for a Boreal Conifer Species Reveal That Opportunists May Have Lower Survival Prospects under Extreme Climatic Events

Rosner¹,

Světlík

Andreassen

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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Top dieback in 40–60 years old forest stands of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in southern Norway is supposed to be associated with climatic extremes. Our intention was to learn more about the processes related to top dieback and in particular about the plasticity of possible predisposing factors. We aimed at (i) developing proxies for P50 based on anatomical data assessed by SilviScan technology and (ii) testing these proxies for their plasticity regarding climate, in order to (iii) analyze annual variations of hydraulic proxies of healthy looking trees and trees with top dieback upon their impact on tree survival. At two sites we selected 10 tree pairs, i.e., one healthy looking tree and one tree with visual signs of dieback such as dry tops, needle shortening and needle yellowing (n = 40 trees). Vulnerability to cavitation (P50) of the main trunk was assessed in a selected sample set (n = 19) and we thereafter applied SilviScan technology to measure cell dimensions (lumen (b) and cell wall thickness (t)) in these specimen and in all 40 trees in tree rings formed between 1990 and 2010. In a first analysis step, we searched for anatomical proxies for P50. The set of potential proxies included hydraulic lumen diameters and wall reinforcement parameters based on mean, radial, and tangential tracheid diameters. The conduit wall reinforcement based on tangential hydraulic lumen diameters ((t/bht)2) was the best estimate for P50. It was thus possible to relate climatic extremes to the potential vulnerability of single annual rings. Trees with top dieback had significantly lower (t/bht)2 and wider tangential (hydraulic) lumen diameters some years before a period of water deficit (2005–2006). Radial (hydraulic) lumen diameters showed however no significant differences between both tree groups. (t/bht)2 was influenced by annual climate variability; strongest correlations were found with precipitation in September of the previous growing season: high precipitation in previous September resulted in more vulnerable annual rings in the next season. The results are discussed with respect to an “opportunistic behavior” and genetic predisposition to drought sensitivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Novel Hydraulic Vulnerability Proxies for a Boreal Conifer Species Reveal That Opportunists May Have Lower Survival Prospects under Extreme Climatic Events

Rosner¹,

Světlík

Andreassen

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…There is a rich body of literature on changes in 13 C isotopic discrimination and iWUE and on observational evidence from δ 13 C tree-ring records McCarroll and Loader, 2004;Fichtler et al, 2010;Leonardi et al, 2012;Churakova , Sidorova, S;Lévesque et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2014b;Saurer et al, 2014;Hartl-Meier et al, 2015;Voelker et al, 2016), free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE)-type experiments (Battipaglia et al, 2013;Klein et al, 2016), δ 13 C site measurements (Pataki et al, 2003;Bowling et al, 2014), and δ 13 C paleodata (Voelker et al, 2016). These data generally suggest small to moderate decadal-to-century-scale changes in discrimination that correspond to a 20th century increase in iWUE On the order of 20 % and physiological control towards a constant ratio of the partial pressure of CO 2 within the leaf's substomatal cavities to the CO 2 pressure outside the leaf (c i /c a ; Saurer et al, 2004;Leonardi et al, 2012;Frank et al, 2015) and, more generally, a pattern of stomatal optimization towards minimizing water loss per unit carbon assimilated (Voelker et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

20th century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: tree-ring-based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Measurements of the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ 13 C) on annual tree rings offer new opportunities to evaluate mechanisms of variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under changing CO 2 and climate conditions, especially in conjunction with process-based biogeochemical model simulations. The isotopic discrimination is indicative of the ratio between the CO 2 partial pressure in the intercellular cavities and the atmosphere (c i /c a ) and of the ratio of assimilation to stomatal conductance, termed intrinsic wateruse efficiency (iWUE). We performed isotope-enabled simulations over the industrial period with the land biosphere module (CLM4.5) of the Community Earth System Model and the Land Surface Processes and Exchanges (LPX-Bern) dynamic global vegetation model. Results for C3 tree species show good agreement with a global compilation of δ 13 C measurements on leaves, though modeled 13 C discrimination by C3 trees is smaller in arid regions than measured. A compilation of 76 tree-ring records, mainly from Europe, boreal Asia, and western North America, suggests on average small 20th century changes in isotopic discrimination and in c i /c a and an increase in iWUE of about 27 % since 1900. LPXBern results match these century-scale reconstructions, supporting the idea that the physiology of stomata has evolved to optimize trade-offs between carbon gain by assimilation and water loss by transpiration. In contrast, CLM4.5 simulates an increase in discrimination and in turn a change in iWUE that is almost twice as large as that revealed by the tree-ring data. Factorial simulations show that these changes are mainly in response to rising atmospheric CO 2 . The results suggest that the downregulation of c i /c a and of photosynthesis by nitrogen limitation is possibly too strong in the standard setup of CLM4.5 or that there may be problems associated with the implementation of conductance, assimilation, and related adjustment processes on long-term environmental changes.

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“…Investigating spruce and larch, Koprowski (2012Koprowski ( , 2013) also found a significant degree of influence thanks to changing climatic conditions in Poland, noting that rising temperatures in February and March can decrease tree resistance to low temperatures, making them more vulnerable to late winter-early spring frosts. In contrast, Churkova et al (2014) in their study of spruce found that a rise in temperature in spring has a positive effect on tree-ring formation in the Swiss Alps at high altitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Growth response of Scots pine to changing climatic conditions over the last 100 years: a case study from Western Hungary

Misi

Náfrádi

2017

Trees

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Key Message Climate change has a significant influence on the climate-growth relationship of Scots pine in Western Hungary, and this typically expressed as a decrease in the strength of the connection between treering width variation and climate data. Abstract This paper aims to expand our understanding of the climate-growth relationship of Scots pines in Transdanubia. Changes in the influence of climate on tree growth over various time-scales have been the subject of numerous investigations with pine trees, but these relationships have never been explored for Scots pines in Hungary. In this research, Pearson correlation values in 25-year moving windows were used to evaluate the temporal relationships of temperature, precipitation and tree-ring width variation, and additionally to investigate how these might be connected to climate change between 1915 and 2014. In the cases of summer precipitation and late winter-early spring temperature, our results detected a significant positive influence on the tree-ring width development of those Scots pines at our study sites. Furthermore, intensive warming over the last 100 years has resulted in a changing relationship between tree-ring width variation and climate data. In this study, the temporal instability of the climategrowth relationship was observed in every important month of tree-ring growth, and the response of growth to climate declined sharply in most of the studied periods. This indicates that ongoing climate change has already altered the Communicated by S. Leavitt.

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Increasing relevance of spring temperatures for Norway spruce trees in Davos, Switzerland, after the 1950s

Abstract: Key message Relevance of spring temperatures for tree-ring growth steadily increased since 1950s. Closely linked tree-ring growth and net CO 2 exchange driven by spring temperatures.

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Novel Hydraulic Vulnerability Proxies for a Boreal Conifer Species Reveal That Opportunists May Have Lower Survival Prospects under Extreme Climatic Events

Novel Hydraulic Vulnerability Proxies for a Boreal Conifer Species Reveal That Opportunists May Have Lower Survival Prospects under Extreme Climatic Events

20th century changes in carbon isotopes and water-use efficiency: tree-ring-based evaluation of the CLM4.5 and LPX-Bern models

Growth response of Scots pine to changing climatic conditions over the last 100 years: a case study from Western Hungary

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