Increasing resistance of enterococci to ciprofloxacin

Schaberg, Dennis R.; Dillon, William; Terpenning, Margaret S.; Robinson, K A; Bradley, Suzanne F.; Kauffman, Carol A.

doi:10.1128/aac.36.11.2533

Cited by 63 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There are also reports of increasing resistance of Enterococci to ciprofloxacin 20 Resistance of Enterococci to glycopeptides poses an increasing problem in clinical practice in many countries around the world21. The prevalence of vancomycin resistant E. faecium in health care institutions across United States is reported to be 15% 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Enterococcus species Isolated from urinary tract infections

Akhter¹,

Ahmed

Anwar

2017

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol

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Enterococci were frequently considered to be commensal organism and were ignored when isolated in clinical laboratory. But recently due to its capability of causing variety of infections, especially in hospitalized patients and difference in antimicrobial sensitivity of each species to varying antibiotics the present study was undertaken with a view at characterizing the clinical isolates of enterococcus, recovered from the cases of urinary tract infections (UTI). A total of 59 Enterococci were isolated from UTI patient for a period of 1 year. In the present study it was the 3rd leading organism causing UTI. They were speciated by an identification system based on the phenotypic characteristics of enterococcus species and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was determined. Most of the isolates were E.faecalis 42(71.18%) followed by E.faecium accounted for 10(16.94%), E.avium 1(2.43%), E.raff 1(2.43%) and 5(8.47%) remained unidentified. E.faecium showed increased resistance to amoxicillin (90%), co-trimoxazole (80%), ciprofloxacin (70%), gentamycin (80%), ceftriaxone (90%), and cefuroxime (80%). Most of the E.faecalis was resistant to amoxicillin (66.66%), cotrimoxazole (71.42%), ciprofloxacin (76.19%), gentamycin (71.42%), ceftriaxone (64.28%) and cefuroxime (80.95%). Multidrug-resistant enterococci are emerging as a leading nosocomial uropathogen. Identification of species along with knowledge of the antimicrobial resistance profile may ultimately contribute to development of strategies for prevention and to formulate treatment guidelines for infections caused by enterococci.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Enterococcus species Isolated from urinary tract infections

Akhter¹,

Ahmed

Anwar

2017

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol

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“…A variety of species have been included in these studies, notably staphylococci (50), enterococci (46), Campylobacter spp. (49), Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli at a cancer center

Kern¹,

Andriof²,

Oethinger³

et al. 1994

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

189

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Prophylactic treatment with fluoroquinolones of patients with profound neutropenia has been found to be useful for preventing gram-negative bacteremia and has become a standard preventive-therapy strategy in many cancer centers, but the development of bacterial resistance is a cause of concern. During the past few years, we have observed an increasing number of patients with leukemia from whom fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Escherichia coli were isolated. The increase was significant in this patient population, and among patients with other underlying diseases, the rates of isolation of such strains per number of discharges were significantly lower and did not increase. Most of the leukemia case patients (16 of 19) had been pretreated with an oral quinolone (ofloxacin), with cumulative doses until the first isolation of a resistant E. coli strain ranging from 0 to 97.8 g (median, 14.4 g). Repeated isolation of such strains was seen in 8 of 17 patients during a follow-up period of .4 weeks and in 1 of 6 patients during a follow-up period of .16 weeks. Ten patients developed bacteremia (mortality, 1 of 10). On the basis of the number of patients with leukemia admitted to the hematology-oncology service, the incidence of bacteremia caused by fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli increased from <0.5% in 1988-1989 and 0.8% in 1990-1991 to 4.5% in 1992-1993 (P < 0.01). MICs for nine isolates obtained from cultures of blood from different patients ranged between 8 and 16 ,ig/ml (ciprofloxacin and PD 131628), 8 and 32 ,ug/ml (ofloxacin and BAY Y 3118), and 16 and 32 ,Lg/ml (sparfloxacin) and indicated resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol. Of nine isolates obtained from cultures of blood from different patients and that were subjected to genomic DNA typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ofXbaI digests, seven were typeable. Among these, four different genotypes were identified, suggesting both the independent development and the horizontal spread of resistant clones ofE. coli.Several controlled studies have suggested that oral fluoroquinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, may be useful prophylactic antibacterial agents in neutropenic cancer patients (4,9,10,15,22,29,30,56). Fluoroquinolone treatment in these patients was associated with a significant reduction and virtual absence of infections caused by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, with less fever (8, 39) and a shorter duration of antimicrobial therapy (22,29,39). Such beneficial effects were observed, even though such treatment has rapidly led to the emergence of resistance in gram-positive organisms not infrequently associated with clinical failures of prophylaxis and therapy (11, 16, 23-26, 34, 38, 52, 53, 55 (14,44), and Escherichia coli (2,17,31,35,45). Since enteric bacilli appear to be the primary target organisms of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in neutropenic patients, increasing levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones in these species, particularly E. coli, would have a maj...

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“…However, MICs for even susceptible enterococci are close to the MIC breakpoints of the currently available quinolone agents (12), and resistance has emerged in vivo and in vitro (14,20 Data for several of these strains, including VanA strains TJ100 and WC100, are given in detail below. The characteristics of these strains have been reported previously (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro activity of novobiocin against multiresistant strains of Enterococcus faecium

French

Venuti

Fraimow

1993

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Sixty strains of vancomycin-and ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus faecium were evaluated for their susceptibilities to novobiocin in vitro. In Mueller-Hinton broth, novobiocin inhibited all strains when it was used at a concentration of 52 ,ug/ml and 40 of 60 strains when it was used at a concentration of <0.5 ,ug/ml. MICs were 8-to 16-fold higher in 50%o serum. Novobiocin alone resulted in 2-log-unit killing at 24 h. Combinations of novobiocin and a fluoroquinolone (either ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin) were additive and bactericidal for quinolone-susceptible strains in either broth or 50%o serum. Gentamicin did not affect novobiocin activity, and rifampin and doxycycline were antagonistic.

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Increasing resistance of enterococci to ciprofloxacin

Cited by 63 publications

References 22 publications

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Enterococcus species Isolated from urinary tract infections

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Enterococcus species Isolated from urinary tract infections

Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli at a cancer center

In vitro activity of novobiocin against multiresistant strains of Enterococcus faecium

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