Increasing role of pyrethroid-resistant <i>Anopheles funestus</i> in malaria transmission in the Lake Zone, Tanzania: implications for the evaluation of novel vector control products

Matowo, Nancy S.; Martin, Jackline; Kulkarni, Manisha A.; Mosha, Jacklin F; Lukole, Eliud; Isaya, Gladness; Shirima, Boniface; Kaaya, Robert; Moyes, Catherine L.; Hancock, Penelope A.; Rowland, Mark; Manjurano, Alphaxard; Mosha, Franklin W.; Protopopoff, Natacha; Messenger, Louisa A.

doi:10.1101/2021.04.01.438043

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…funestus to dieldrin has been reported in Burkina Faso (Dabiré et al, 2007). A. funestus wild populations were found resistant to pyrethroids, DDT and carbamates in Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Tanzania, Benin and the Democratic Republic of the Congo based on susceptibility bioassay tests (Akoton et al, 2018; Amenya et al, 2008; Choi et al, 2014; Ibrahim et al, 2016; Matowo, Martin, et al, 2021; Nardini et al, 2017; Pinda et al, 2020; Riveron et al, 2017). Table 2 presents by region and country, the resistance detection method and the mechanisms involved, and the year of data collection for each reference.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and insecticide resistance profile of the major malaria vectorAnopheles funestusgroup across theAfricancontinent

Wangrawa,

Odero,

Baldini

et al. 2024

Medical Vet Entomology

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There has been significant progress in malaria control in the last 2 decades, with a decline in mortality and morbidity. However, these gains are jeopardised by insecticide resistance, which negatively impacts the core interventions, such as insecticide‐treated nets (ITN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). While most malaria control and research efforts are still focused on Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes, Anopheles funestus remains an important vector in many countries and, in some cases, contributes to most of the local transmission. As countries move towards malaria elimination, it is important to ensure that all dominant vector species, including An. funestus, an important vector in some countries, are targeted. The objective of this review is to compile and discuss information related to A. funestus populations' resistance to insecticides and the mechanisms involved across Africa, emphasising the sibling species and their resistance profiles in relation to malaria elimination goals. Data on insecticide resistance in An. funestus malaria vectors in Africa were extracted from published studies. Online bibliographic databases, including Google Scholar and PubMed, were used to search for relevant studies. Articles published between 2000 and May 2023 reporting resistance of An. funestus to insecticides and associated mechanisms were included. Those reporting only bionomics were excluded. Spatial variation in species distribution and resistance to insecticides was recorded from 174 articles that met the selection criteria. It was found that An. funestus was increasingly resistant to the four classes of insecticides recommended by the World Health Organisation for malaria vector control; however, this varied by country. Insecticide resistance appears to reduce the effectiveness of vector control methods, particularly IRS and ITN. Biochemical resistance due to detoxification enzymes (P450s and glutathione‐S‐transferases [GSTs]) in An. funestus was widely recorded. However, An. funestus in Africa remains susceptible to other insecticide classes, such as organophosphates and neonicotinoids. This review highlights the increasing insecticide resistance of An. funestus mosquitoes, which are important malaria vectors in Africa, posing a significant challenge to malaria control efforts. While An. funestus has shown resistance to the recommended insecticide classes, notably pyrethroids and, in some cases, organochlorides and carbamates, it remains susceptible to other classes of insecticides such as organophosphates and neonicotinoids, providing potential alternative options for vector control strategies. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions that consider the population structure and geographical distribution of An. funestus, including its sibling species and their insecticide resistance profiles, to effectively achieve malaria elimination goals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and insecticide resistance profile of the major malaria vectorAnopheles funestusgroup across theAfricancontinent

Wangrawa,

Odero,

Baldini

et al. 2024

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…25 Several studies have also highlighted the increasing role of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles vectors in malaria transmission. 9,12,14,32 However, this observation might be also related to the age and condition of the nets. 33 In fact, we observed in this study that individuals using nets in poor condition were 1.37-fold more likely to be infected than those sleeping under nets in good condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria burden and associated risk factors in an area of pyrethroid-resistant vectors in southern Benin

Akogbéto

Dangbénon

Akpovi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Malaria remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Benin despite the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying, and malaria case management. This study aimed to determine the malaria burden and its associated risk factors in a rural area of Benin characterized by high net coverage and pyrethroid-resistant mosquito vectors. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three districts in southern Benin. Approximately 4,320 randomly selected participants of all ages were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests within 60 clusters. Risk factors for malaria infection were evaluated using mixed-effect logistic regression models. Despite high population net use (96%), malaria infection prevalence was 43.5% (cluster range: 15.1-72.7%). Children (58.7%) were more likely to be infected than adults (31.2%), with a higher malaria prevalence among older children (5-10 years: 69.1%; 10-15 years: 67.9%) compared to young children (<5 years: 42.1%); however, young children were more likely to be symptomatic. High household density, low socioeconomic status, young age (<15years), poor net conditions, and low net usage during the previous week were significantly associated with malaria infection. Malaria prevalence remains high in this area of intense pyrethroid resistance despite high net use. New classes of LLINs effective against resistant vectors are therefore crucial to further reduce malaria in this area.

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Increasing role of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus in malaria transmission in the Lake Zone, Tanzania: implications for the evaluation of novel vector control products

Cited by 2 publications

References 75 publications

Distribution and insecticide resistance profile of the major malaria vectorAnopheles funestusgroup across theAfricancontinent

Distribution and insecticide resistance profile of the major malaria vectorAnopheles funestusgroup across theAfricancontinent

Malaria burden and associated risk factors in an area of pyrethroid-resistant vectors in southern Benin

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