Increasing socioeconomic disparities in sedentary behaviors in Chinese children

Gong, Wei-Jie; Fong, Daniel Tik-Pui; Wang, Man Ping; Lam, Tai Hing; Chung, Thomas; Ho, Sai-Yin

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7092-7

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A national survey in the USA showed that on average, people spent over 80% of their time in various types of indoor spaces (Klepeis et al 2001 ). Recent surveys indicated a consistent rise of sedentary lifestyles in the general population (ACC 2019 ; Gong et al 2019 ). It is thus of particular importance to understand the dispersion, transport and deposition of respiratory droplets and associated aerosol particles in these environments for infection prevention and control.…”

Section: Transmission Of Covid-19 By Virus-laden Droplets and Indoor mentioning

confidence: 99%

How human thermal plume influences near-human transport of respiratory droplets and airborne particles: a review

Sun

Han

2021

Environ Chem Lett

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With mounting evidence and notable cases of large clustered infections, airborne transmission via droplets and particles has been recently acknowledged as an effective mode of transmission for COVID-19. How droplets and aerosol particles disperse are being transported into the human breathing zone-the last few inches for airborne transmission to effectuate-remains a key question which has been widely overlooked. Human thermal plume refers to the constantly rising airflows around the boundary layer of human body due to persisting temperature gradients between the body surfaces and the ambient air. Ample evidence indicated that the thermal plume controls the dispersion and transport of aerosols in the human microenvironment. Given that in calm indoor environments most air inhaled by human comes from the boundary layer where thermal plume flows through constantly, the role of thermal plume needs to be scrutinized to predict the diffusion of droplets, aerosols and other airborne carriers of the novel coronavirus around the human body for prioritizing infection control strategies. Here, we assessed the potential influences of the thermal plume on the transmission of COVID-19 and other airborne pathogens by reviewing the most pertinent evidence and analyzing key variables in the formation of thermal plume in indoor environments, e.g., ambient temperature, human posture and type of clothing. Our reviewed evidence and data indicate that the human thermal plume should facilitate the airborne transmission of COVID-19 in enclosed spaces by elevating small droplets and airborne particles into the breathing zone from lower regions and ascending respiratory droplets from the sources into the upper atmosphere. By drawing attention to aerosol transport dynamics in the human microenvironment, these insights may be useful for understanding COVID-19 transmission in enclosed spaces, especially those intended for public use.

show abstract

Section: Transmission Of Covid-19 By Virus-laden Droplets and Indoor mentioning

confidence: 99%

How human thermal plume influences near-human transport of respiratory droplets and airborne particles: a review

Sun

Han

2021

Environ Chem Lett

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Conversely, in China, the most commonly used places for children's activities were public recreational facilities and business destinations outside the community (even children living in remote areas often play in these places) [37]. Recently, online and video games have become a major component of children's entertainment activities [48,49]; these have a greater impact on the scope of children's daily activities. Although Chinese online companies have developed several new technologies to strictly control children's play time and game categories; children's daily activities, especially outdoor and sports activities, are still strongly affected by video games [50].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Places Children Go: Understanding Spatial Patterns and Formation Mechanism for Children’s Commercial Activity Space in Changchun City, China

Liu

Yao

et al. 2020

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, the demand for children’s activities has been increasing, and the children’s consumer market has expanded annually. A large number of urban commercial spaces for children’s activity that meet the needs of children’s activities have been built in Chinese cities. This paper analyzed the distribution of these spaces in Changchun City, divided children’s activity space into five categories, analyzed the distribution and spatial differentiation using ArcGIS tools, and discussed the formation mechanism of the spatial pattern of children’s activity space. The results show that: (a) The spatial agglomeration of children’s activity places in Changchun was remarkable and formed a multicore spatial pattern of three municipal and six district-level centers. (b) Different varieties of children’s activity places showed significant spatial differences with “center–periphery” and spatial distribution patterns and each block unit had specialized characteristics. (c) The diversification and social demand for children’s activities, children’s consumption (a new growth factor for the modern service industry), market competition for rent, coupling relationship with urban functional areas, traffic convenience and accessibility, and changes of children’s activity behavior patterns and preferences were the main factors that influence commercial children’s activity space in Changchun. (d) The inequitable spatial distribution of children’s activities, the poor accessibility of children’s activity places, the lack of outdoor places and natural elements, the excessive concentration of children’s activities, and the lack of reasonable guidance of children’s commercial activity places in the city pose challenges for daily activities of urban children. Based on these results, this paper put forward some constructive policy suggestions, such as the planned addition of children’s public places and children’s outdoor places, enriched green and natural elements of children’s places, the construction of children’s activities facilities in residential areas, and the addition of children’s activity facilities in the compulsory standards for urban construction.

show abstract

“…An early national survey in the United States showed that in general, people spent nearly 90% of their time in various indoor environments (Klepeis et al 2001 ). The trend was reinforced in recent surveys that people increasingly adopted sedentary lifestyles by spending more time indoor (Gong et al 2019 ; Yang et al 2019 ). Since there are many common indoor sources that can emit substantial quantities of fine and ultrafine particles, which can remain suspended and accumulate in air, the wide adoption of sedentary lifestyles in the general population increases their likelihood of exposure to indoor aerosols, especially in enclosed spaces with inadequate ventilation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of indoor aerosols for COVID-19 viral transmission: a review

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relationship between outdoor atmospheric pollution by particulate matter and the morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections was recently disclosed, yet the role of indoor aerosols is poorly known. Since people spend most of their time indoor, indoor aerosols are closer to human occupants than outdoors, thus favoring airborne transmission of COVID-19. Therefore, here we review the characteristics of aerosol particles emitted from indoor sources, and how exposure to particles affects human respiratory infections and transport of airborne pathogens. We found that tobacco smoking, cooking, vacuum cleaning, laser printing, burning candles, mosquito coils and incenses generate large quantities of particles, mostly in the ultrafine range below 100 nm. These tiny particles stay airborne, are deposited in the deeper regions of human airways and are difficult to be removed by the respiratory system. As a consequence, adverse effects can be induced by inhaled aerosol particles via oxidative stress and inflammation. Early epidemiological evidence and animal studies have revealed the adverse effects of particle exposure in respiratory infections. In particular, inhaled particles can impair human respiratory systems and immune functions, and induce the upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, thus inducing higher vulnerability to COVID-19 infection. Moreover, co-production of inflammation mediators by COVID-19 infection and particle exposure magnifies the cytokine storm and aggravates symptoms in patients. We also discuss the role of indoor aerosol particles as virus carriers. Although many hypotheses were proposed, there is still few knowledge on interactions between aerosol articles and virus-laden droplets or droplet nuclei.

show abstract

Increasing socioeconomic disparities in sedentary behaviors in Chinese children

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

How human thermal plume influences near-human transport of respiratory droplets and airborne particles: a review

How human thermal plume influences near-human transport of respiratory droplets and airborne particles: a review

The Places Children Go: Understanding Spatial Patterns and Formation Mechanism for Children’s Commercial Activity Space in Changchun City, China

Role of indoor aerosols for COVID-19 viral transmission: a review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About