Increasing stomatal conductance in response to rising atmospheric CO2

Purcell, Catherine; Batke, Sven P.; Yiotis, Charilaos; Caballero, Rodrigo; Soh, Wuu Kuang; Murray, Michelle; McElwain, Jennifer C.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcy023

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This analysis has compared the current effects of ozone against preindustrial ozone to give an indication of the extent of the negative effects of the pollutant under current climates. To facilitate comparisons, we have not taken into account that CO 2 concentrations were also lower in preindustrial times which could have increased stomatal conductance for C3 plants by 20%–30% (Lammertsma et al., ; Purcell et al., ). While additional increases in CO 2 by the end of the century might reduce stomatal conductance further (Purcell et al., ), complex interactions and feedbacks suggest that the predicted compensation for ozone effects is not supported by field evidence in C3 crops (Ainsworth, Yendrek, Sitch, Collins, & Emberson, ; Mills et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production

Mills

Sharps

Simpson

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

215

118

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Introduction of high-performing crop cultivars and crop/soil water management practices that increase the stomatal uptake of carbon dioxide and photosynthesis will be instrumental in realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of achieving food security. To date, however, global assessments of how to increase crop yield have failed to consider the negative effects of tropospheric ozone, a gaseous pollutant that enters the leaf stomatal pores of plants along with carbon dioxide, and is increasing in concentration globally, particularly in rapidly developing countries. Earlier studies have simply estimated that the largest effects are in the areas with the highest ozone concentrations. Using a modelling method that accounts for the effects of soil moisture deficit and meteorological factors on the stomatal uptake of ozone, we show for the first time that ozone impacts on wheat yield are particularly large in humid rain-fed and irrigated areas of major wheat-producing countries (e.g. United States, France, India, China and Russia). Averaged over 2010-2012, we estimate that ozone reduces wheat yields by a mean 9.9% in the northern hemisphere and 6.2% in the southern hemisphere, corresponding to some 85 Tg (million tonnes) of lost grain. Total production losses in developing countries receiving Official Development Assistance are 50% higher than those in developed countries, potentially reducing the possibility of achieving UN SDG2. Crucially, our analysis shows that ozone could reduce the potential yield benefits of increasing irrigation usage in response to climate change because added irrigation increases the uptake and subsequent negative effects of the pollutant. We show that mitigation of air pollution in a changing climate could play a vital role in achieving the above-mentioned UN SDG, while also contributing to other SDGs related to human health and well-being, ecosystems and climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production

Mills

Sharps

Simpson

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

215

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It assumes that the measurable leaf traits and responses, such as the rate of conductance or SI alteration, to changing C a are evolutionarily conservative, even though observations made on modern plants provide divergent evidence on the role of phylogenetic relatedness in determining such traits (Zhang et al ., , ; Sun et al ., ; Li et al ., ). Certain plants do not exhibit the expected response (Poole et al ., ; Haworth et al ., ; Reichgelt et al ., ), and in some cases the response may even be reversed (Purcell et al ., ). In addition, environmental filtering of species may have selectively favored plants that exhibit traits unrepresentative of their fossil kin (Jordan, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plant carbon assimilation rates in atmospheric CO₂ reconstructions

Reichgelt

D'Andrea

2019

New Phytologist

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Fossil plant gas-exchange-based CO 2 reconstructions use carbon (C) assimilation rates of extant plant species as substitutes for assimilation rates of fossil plants. However, assumptions in model species adoption can lead to systematic error propagation.We used a dataset of c. 2500 extant species to investigate the role of phylogenetic relatedness and ecology in determining C assimilation, an essential variable in gas-exchange-based CO 2 models. We evaluated the effect on random and systematic error propagation in atmospheric CO 2 caused by adopting different model species.Phylogenetic relatedness, growth form, and solar exposure are important predictors of C assimilation rate. CO 2 reconstructions that apply C assimilation rates from modern species based solely on phylogenetic relatedness to fossil species can result in CO 2 estimates that are systematically biased by a factor of > 2.C assimilation rates used in CO 2 reconstructions should be determined by averaging assimilation rates of modern plant species that are (1) in the same family and (2) have a similar habit and habitat as the fossil plant. In addition, systematic bias potential and random error propagation are greatly reduced when CO 2 is reconstructed from multiple fossil plant species with different modern relatives at the same site.

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“…Increases in A with enhanced [CO 2 ] in the chloroplast of C3 plants are associated with a stimulation of the carboxylation rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), the rate-limiting step in photosynthesis at saturating light and current [CO 2 ] levels, and a concomitant reduction (or even suppression) of its oxygenation function, and thus the rate of photorespiration (Ainsworth and Rogers 2007). Noticeably, g s has been systematically, but not universally, demonstrated to decrease at elevated [CO 2 ] (Engineer et al 2016); however, increases in g s with rising [CO 2 ] have also been reported in a few cases (Purcell et al 2018). In any case, decreases in g s often lead to lower transpiration rates and higher water-use efficiency (WUE).…”

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confidence: 99%

Why could the coffee crop endure climate change and global warming to a greater extent than previously estimated?

et al. 2018

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Coffee, one of the most heavily globally traded agricultural commodities, has been categorized as a highly sensitive plant species to progressive climatic change. Here, we summarize recent insights on the coffee plant's physiological performance at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO 2 ]. We specifically (i) provide new data of crop yields obtained under free-air CO 2 enrichment conditions, (ii) discuss predictions on the future of the coffee crop as based on rising temperature and (iii) emphasize the role of [CO 2 ] as a key player for mitigating harmful effects of supra-optimal temperatures on coffee physiology and bean quality. We conclude that the effects of global warming on the climatic suitability of coffee may be lower than previously assumed. We highlight perspectives and priorities for further Climatic Change (2019) 152:167-178 https://doi.# The Author(s) 2018research to improve our understanding on how the coffee plant will respond to present and progressive climate change.The current rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]) is one of the major drivers of global warming and climatic change. Atmospheric [CO 2 ] has increased approximately by 43% from the pre-industrial levels of 280 μL L −1 air in 1750 to current levels exceeding 400 μL L −1 air, and global mean surface temperature has increased by 0.85°C over the same period. Depending on the greenhouse gas emission scenarios, projections indicate that, at the end of this century, atmospheric [CO 2 ] might rise between 421 and 936 μL L −1 air, in parallel with a rise in global temperature between 0.3-1.7°C (best scenario) and 2.6-4.8°C (worst scenario), relative to 1986 (IPCC 2013 IPCC 2014). These long-term changes, coupled with climate variability, such as longer and unpredictable droughts and sometimes excessive rainfall, are expected to threaten the sustainability of agricultural production on a global scale, with consequences on the amount and quality of harvestable crops for the actual production areas (DaMatta et al. 2010).Plants sense and respond directly to rising atmospheric [CO 2 ] through an increase in net photosynthesis rate (A) and, frequently, a decrease in stomatal conductance (g s ), and this is the basis for the CO 2 fertilization effect on crops with corresponding increase in yields (Long et al. 2006;Ainsworth and Rogers 2007). Meta-analyses of free-air CO 2 enhancement (FACE) experiments have reported mean reductions in g s of 22% and increases in light-saturated (A) of 31% across a range of C 3 species for an increase in [CO 2 ] from approximately 366 to 567 μL L −1 air (Ainsworth and Rogers 2007). Increases in A with enhanced [CO 2 ] in the chloroplast of C3 plants are associated with a stimulation of the carboxylation rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), the rate-limiting step in photosynthesis at saturating light and current [CO 2 ] levels, and a concomitant reduction (or even suppression) of its oxygenation function, and thus the rate of photorespiration (Ainsw...

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Increasing stomatal conductance in response to rising atmospheric CO2

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production

Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production

Plant carbon assimilation rates in atmospheric CO₂ reconstructions

Why could the coffee crop endure climate change and global warming to a greater extent than previously estimated?

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Increasing stomatal conductance in response to rising atmospheric CO2

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production

Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production

Plant carbon assimilation rates in atmospheric CO2 reconstructions

Why could the coffee crop endure climate change and global warming to a greater extent than previously estimated?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Plant carbon assimilation rates in atmospheric CO₂ reconstructions