Increasing stomatal conductance in response to rising atmospheric CO2

Purcell, Catherine; Batke, Sven P.; Yiotis, Charilaos; Caballero, Rodrigo; Soh, Wuu Kuang; Murray, Michelle; McElwain, Jennifer C.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcx208

Cited by 64 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…A similar impact of elevated CO 2 on water content was also reported in broccoli plants (Brassica oleracea L. var Italica) by Zaghdoud et al (2013). In general, most of the C3 plants grown in high CO 2 condition were stimulate net photosynthesis by increasing the CO 2 concentration gradient from air to the leaf interior and by decreasing the loss of CO 2 via photorespiration (oxygenation; Lindroth, 2010); and C3 plants found to have decreased stomatal conductance and reduced transpiration rates (Purcell et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Carbon dioxide‐ and temperature‐mediated changes in plant defensive compounds alter food utilization of herbivores

Teawkul

Hwang

2018

J Applied Entomology

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Although the impact of elevated carbon dioxide and rising temperature on plants and animals has been extensively documented recently, only limited understanding exists regarding their combined effects. The objective of this research was to address the consequences of using combinations of elevated CO2 and elevated temperature on a plant's defensive chemistry, and subsequent utilization of the plant as insect food. Our results indicated that elevated CO2 and increased temperature, for the most part, act independently on the production of defensive compounds in broccoli leaves (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica). CO2 concentrations had significant effects on the foliar water content, total phenolic compounds, polyphenol oxidase and trypsin inhibitor concentrations. The herbivore Spodoptera litura (Fabricius; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) responded to changes in the plant secondary chemistry, with larvae consuming more plant materials that had been exposed to elevated CO2. The food utilization efficiencies of second‐instar larvae were more sensitive to CO2‐treated foliage than those of the third‐ and fourth‐instar larvae. Temperature did exert a significant effect on food utilization (ECD) by the larvae. Our study will provide important information in future predictions on plant–insect interactions as a result of climate change. The study also demonstrated that since various larval stages might respond differently to climate change, this possibility needs to be considered in future forecasting and monitoring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Carbon dioxide‐ and temperature‐mediated changes in plant defensive compounds alter food utilization of herbivores

Teawkul

Hwang

2018

J Applied Entomology

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“…As well as reducing grain availability, such additional yield losses would also result in wasted fertilizer usage due to reduced fertilizer efficiency (Broberg, Uddling, Mills, & Pleijel, 2017) and unproductive use of water, energy and labour, all of which are in short supply in many of these areas. , 2011;Purcell et al, 2018). While additional increases in CO 2 by the end of the century might reduce stomatal conductance further (Purcell et al, 2018), complex interactions and feedbacks suggest that the predicted compensation for ozone effects is not supported by field evidence in C3 crops (Ainsworth, Yendrek, Sitch, Collins, & Emberson, 2012;Mills et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2011;Purcell et al, 2018). While additional increases in CO 2 by the end of the century might reduce stomatal conductance further (Purcell et al, 2018), complex interactions and feedbacks suggest that the predicted compensation for ozone effects is not supported by field evidence in C3 crops (Ainsworth, Yendrek, Sitch, Collins, & Emberson, 2012;Mills et al, 2016). Indeed, site specific predictions for Europe indicate that the stomatal uptakebased risk of ozone damage may remain more or less the same as the effects of the combination of climate change, rising CO 2 and rising O 3 , balance each other out (Klingberg, Engardt, Uddling, Karlsson, & Pleijel, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production

Mills

Sharps

Simpson

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

215

118

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Introduction of high-performing crop cultivars and crop/soil water management practices that increase the stomatal uptake of carbon dioxide and photosynthesis will be instrumental in realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of achieving food security. To date, however, global assessments of how to increase crop yield have failed to consider the negative effects of tropospheric ozone, a gaseous pollutant that enters the leaf stomatal pores of plants along with carbon dioxide, and is increasing in concentration globally, particularly in rapidly developing countries. Earlier studies have simply estimated that the largest effects are in the areas with the highest ozone concentrations. Using a modelling method that accounts for the effects of soil moisture deficit and meteorological factors on the stomatal uptake of ozone, we show for the first time that ozone impacts on wheat yield are particularly large in humid rain-fed and irrigated areas of major wheat-producing countries (e.g. United States, France, India, China and Russia). Averaged over 2010-2012, we estimate that ozone reduces wheat yields by a mean 9.9% in the northern hemisphere and 6.2% in the southern hemisphere, corresponding to some 85 Tg (million tonnes) of lost grain. Total production losses in developing countries receiving Official Development Assistance are 50% higher than those in developed countries, potentially reducing the possibility of achieving UN SDG2. Crucially, our analysis shows that ozone could reduce the potential yield benefits of increasing irrigation usage in response to climate change because added irrigation increases the uptake and subsequent negative effects of the pollutant. We show that mitigation of air pollution in a changing climate could play a vital role in achieving the above-mentioned UN SDG, while also contributing to other SDGs related to human health and well-being, ecosystems and climate change.

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“…Environmental conditions, such as elevated atmospheric CO2 and warmer temperatures, have the potential to drive changes in stomatal conductance and stomatal kinetics [38][39][40][41]. Miller-Rushing et al [10] have found increased guard cell length and decreased stomate density in response to higher 7 of 13 temperatures (1.8°C) independent of global CO2 rise (> 86 ppm) over a 100-year period, and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) remained unchanged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Stomate Size in Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.) Trees in Deciduous Forests to Urban Conditions

McDermot¹,

D'Amico²,

Trammell³

2020

Preprint

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Environmental conditions, such as temperature, carbon dioxide, and nutrient availability, are altered by urban conditions at regional scales with potential for impact on tree leaf structure. Our goal was to compare leaf morphological characteristics driven by physiological acclimation in red maple (Acer rubrum L.) trees in deciduous forests embedded in a small (Newark, DE) and a large (Philadelphia, PA) city. The study was conducted in six urban forests on eighteen mature red maple trees in a long-term urban forest network. We hypothesized that red maples in Philadelphia forests compared to Newark forests will have a thicker upper epidermal layer, spongy palisade and mesophyll layer, longer and wider stomates, and lower stomate density. Additionally, we hypothesized that red maples in Philadelphia forests compared to Newark forests will have lower leaf water content and specific leaf area, and greater leaf thickness, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, and leaf dry matter content. Our results for stomate length and stomate width supported our predictions; red maple leaves had longer and wider stomates in Philadelphia forests than in Newark forests. The increased stomate size in red maple trees suggests potential altered gas exchange behavior and mutual abiotic stress mitigation responses in red maple to greater urbanization impacts in Philadelphia forests. This supports previous findings of possible physiological and biochemical acclimation of red maple trees to urban conditions. Furthermore, the findings from this study suggest red maple trees may be a good biomonitor of regional scale impacts in urban environments.Forests and trees have the potential to improve environment quality in urban areas through blockage, uptake, and immobilization of pollutants [12,13]. Plant leaves have the ability to trap, sequester, and compartmentalize pollutants [14,15]. Urban forest trees may also provide important benefits through pollution regulation of urban conditions. However, this is debatable due to biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) production by urban trees [16 ], and for some pollutants, like particulates, the aerodynamic effect of tree canopies can influence particulate residence time, recirculation, and concentration in urban environments [17,18]. Alternatively, urban air pollutants can affect tree growth and function; tropospheric ozone has been reported to induce visible injuries, de-regulate stomatal conductance, and reduce photosynthesis and leaf area [19,20]. These complex interactions with urban tree canopies and atmospheric pollutants may stress trees, leading to shorter lifespan even with enhanced growth rates [21]. Thus, the ability of urban trees to mitigate urban conditions and improve environment quality and sustainability of cities may be dampened by their response to altered urban environmental conditions [17,22,23].The morphological and anatomical traits in leaves can serve as a bioindicator of plant response to altered environmental conditions, specifically air [15,24] and soil [2,25,26] polluti...

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Increasing stomatal conductance in response to rising atmospheric CO2

Abstract: The results contradict the over-simplistic notion that global vegetation always responds with decreasing gs to elevated CO2, a finding that has important implications for predicting future vegetation feedbacks on the hydrological cycle at the regional level.

Cited by 64 publications

References 88 publications

Carbon dioxide‐ and temperature‐mediated changes in plant defensive compounds alter food utilization of herbivores

Carbon dioxide‐ and temperature‐mediated changes in plant defensive compounds alter food utilization of herbivores

Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production

Sensitivity of Stomate Size in Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.) Trees in Deciduous Forests to Urban Conditions

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