“…According to research in Indonesia, the critical thinking abilities of junior high school students (Ariza Rahmadana Hidayati et al, 2021;Dewi et al, 2018) and high school students (Elfrida et al, 2017;Sudrajat et al, 2021) are inadequate. Students' writing abilities still need attention to be improved in learning using the inquiry model (Ali & Ulker, 2020;Cetin & Eymur, 2017;Erenler & Cetin, 2019;Hamsina, 2020;Palupi et al, 2020), which can facilitate students to be more independent in building their understanding and being meaningful and can contribute to improving critical thinking abilities (Lin et al, 2021;Maknun, 2020). Building a classroom learning environment that focuses on learning through inquiry is an important factor for effective classroom management (Garza & Arreguín-Anderson, 2018).…”