Increasing the benefits of eye-tracking devices in divided visual field studies of cerebral asymmetry

Patching, Geoffrey R.; Jordan, Timothy R.

doi:10.3758/bf03209482

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Participants were required to fixate this point and stimulus display was prevented until accurate fixation occurred continuously for 300 ms. Once this criterion was satisfied, a stimulus was presented for 33 ms at one of the four stimulus locations. If fixation deviated from the fixation point before stimulus presentation, stimulus presentation was immediately prevented and continued to be prevented until accurate fixation occurred again for at least 300 ms (for further details of this procedure, see [71] , [72] ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Effects of Divided Hemispheric Processing on Word Recognition in Foveal and Extrafoveal Displays: The Evidence from Arabic

et al. 2011

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BackgroundPrevious studies have claimed that a precise split at the vertical midline of each fovea causes all words to the left and right of fixation to project to the opposite, contralateral hemisphere, and this division in hemispheric processing has considerable consequences for foveal word recognition. However, research in this area is dominated by the use of stimuli from Latinate languages, which may induce specific effects on performance. Consequently, we report two experiments using stimuli from a fundamentally different, non-Latinate language (Arabic) that offers an alternative way of revealing effects of split-foveal processing, if they exist.Methods and FindingsWords (and pseudowords) were presented to the left or right of fixation, either close to fixation and entirely within foveal vision, or further from fixation and entirely within extrafoveal vision. Fixation location and stimulus presentations were carefully controlled using an eye-tracker linked to a fixation-contingent display. To assess word recognition, Experiment 1 used the Reicher-Wheeler task and Experiment 2 used the lexical decision task.ResultsPerformance in both experiments indicated a functional division in hemispheric processing for words in extrafoveal locations (in recognition accuracy in Experiment 1 and in reaction times and error rates in Experiment 2) but no such division for words in foveal locations.ConclusionsThese findings from a non-Latinate language provide new evidence that although a functional division in hemispheric processing exists for word recognition outside the fovea, this division does not extend up to the point of fixation. Some implications for word recognition and reading are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Effects of Divided Hemispheric Processing on Word Recognition in Foveal and Extrafoveal Displays: The Evidence from Arabic

et al. 2011

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“…However, the stimuli were all centrally presented, and usually subjects are successful in maintaining fixation to foveal stimuli, and only a small percentage of trials are not properly fixated (less then 1%, see, for instance, Rayner, 1998). Systematic shifts of eye position to RVF were reported by one research group ( Jordan, Patching, & Milner, 2000;Patching & Jordan, 1998); however, most eye-movement researchers would report, if at all, an LVF bias due to the OVP (the tendency to fixate slightly to the left of fixation, see O'Regan, 1981). More specifically, in a companion lexical decision and TMS study (Lavidor et al, in press), we have monitored fixation during the TMS sessions and failures to fixate centrally presented words occurred in 0.09% of all trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Magnetic Stimulation Examination of Orthographic Neighborhood Effects in Visual Word Recognition

Lavidor

Walsh

2003

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Abstract& The split-fovea theory proposes that visual word recognition is mediated by the splitting of the foveal image, with letters to the left of fixation projected to the right hemisphere (RH) and letters to the right of fixation projected to the left hemisphere (LH). We applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left and right occipital cortex during a lexical decision task to investigate the extent to which word recognition processes could be accounted for according to the split-fovea theory. Unilateral rTMS significantly impaired lexical decision latencies to centrally presented words, supporting the suggestion that foveal representation of words is split between the cerebral hemispheres rather than bilateral. Behaviorally, we showed that words that have many orthographic neighbors sharing the same initial letters (''lead neighbors'') facilitated lexical decision more than words with few lead neighbors. This effect did not apply to end neighbors (orthographic neighbors sharing the same final letters). Crucially, rTMS over the RH impaired lead-, but not end-neighborhood facilitation. The results support the split-fovea theory, where the RH has primacy in representing lead neighbors of a written word. &

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“…The eye tracker was clamped to each participant’s head, which in turn was clamped in a head brace throughout the experiment to prevent head movements. This arrangement allowed accurate and consistent measurement of fixation location in the experiment (for further details, see [16] , [32] , [61] , [62] ). The output of the tracker was recorded through the ADC input of the VSG2/5 card, which also controlled the visual display.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Speech Perception in Foveal and Extrafoveal Vision: Further Implications for Divisions in Hemispheric Projections

et al. 2014

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When observing a talking face, it has often been argued that visual speech to the left and right of fixation may produce differences in performance due to divided projections to the two cerebral hemispheres. However, while it seems likely that such a division in hemispheric projections exists for areas away from fixation, the nature and existence of a functional division in visual speech perception at the foveal midline remains to be determined. We investigated this issue by presenting visual speech in matched hemiface displays to the left and right of a central fixation point, either exactly abutting the foveal midline or else located away from the midline in extrafoveal vision. The location of displays relative to the foveal midline was controlled precisely using an automated, gaze-contingent eye-tracking procedure. Visual speech perception showed a clear right hemifield advantage when presented in extrafoveal locations but no hemifield advantage (left or right) when presented abutting the foveal midline. Thus, while visual speech observed in extrafoveal vision appears to benefit from unilateral projections to left-hemisphere processes, no evidence was obtained to indicate that a functional division exists when visual speech is observed around the point of fixation. Implications of these findings for understanding visual speech perception and the nature of functional divisions in hemispheric projection are discussed.

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Increasing the benefits of eye-tracking devices in divided visual field studies of cerebral asymmetry

Cited by 32 publications

References 64 publications

Evaluating Effects of Divided Hemispheric Processing on Word Recognition in Foveal and Extrafoveal Displays: The Evidence from Arabic

Evaluating Effects of Divided Hemispheric Processing on Word Recognition in Foveal and Extrafoveal Displays: The Evidence from Arabic

A Magnetic Stimulation Examination of Orthographic Neighborhood Effects in Visual Word Recognition

Visual Speech Perception in Foveal and Extrafoveal Vision: Further Implications for Divisions in Hemispheric Projections

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