Increasing the passivation ability and corrosion resistance of chromium steel by surface alloying with palladium

Chernova, G. P.; Fedoseeva, T. A.; Kornienko, L. P.; Tomashov, N. D.

doi:10.1016/0376-4583(81)90122-9

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It has been reported that noble elements such as Pd can enrich at the bottom of attacked sites and change the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions. [14][15][16][17] SS welds using the Ni-10Cu-1Pd alloy exhibited good resistance to localized attack, but these welds are composed of several different areas including base metal, weld metal, and complex welding interface with a full range of dilution. As the dilution increased, E B increased, but E RP decreased considerably because higher dilution made the alloy more like stainless steel.…”

Section: Crevice Corrosion Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Chromium-free Consumable for Austenitic Stainless Steels: Effect of Dilution and the Behavior of Bead-on-plate Welds

2006

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A Ni-10Cu-1Pd alloy was studied as a potential Cr-free consumable for welding austenitic stainless steels. The corrosion behavior of as-cast buttons with this base composition and alloys diluted by Type 304L stainless steel at levels of 4 to 84 % were investigated in Cl Ϫ solutions. Actual welds, made using a beadon-plate welding technique, were evaluated using electrochemical testing and in long term crevice corrosion exposure testing. Ni-10Cu-1Pd alloy across the entire dilution range exhibited higher repassivation potential than Type 304L stainless steel in 0.1 M NaCl solution. The repassivation potential was also higher for 0, 25, and 50 % dilution levels in aerated solutions with Cl Ϫ concentrations of 105-35 000 ppm. The breakdown behavior of the bead-on-plate welds was similar to that of conventional welds made with Type 308L filler metal. After 31 d exposure of samples with crevice-formers in 500 and 1 000 ppm Cl Ϫ solutions, the bead-on-plate weld showed one shallow attack in 1 000 ppm Cl Ϫ , but the 308L weld was attacked both in 500 and 1 000 ppm Cl Ϫ with many deep pits.

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Section: Crevice Corrosion Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Chromium-free Consumable for Austenitic Stainless Steels: Effect of Dilution and the Behavior of Bead-on-plate Welds

2006

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“…The use of more expensive alloys, such as nickel-based alloys and other more exotic materials, becomes necessary for the handling of these environments. However, significant work has been done by Tomashov's group (Tomashov and Ustinskii, 1990;Chernova et al, 1981) and Greene et al (1961) on the bulk alloying of various alloys with minor noble elements and especially the platinum group metals (PGM) and their influence on corrosion resistance. It has been shown that corrosion resistance can be improved with even minor additions of noble elements (Streicher, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The corrosion resistance of low concentration ruthenium laser alloyed 304L stainless steel exposed to sulphuric acid at 25°C

Merwe

Nelwalani

2018

ACMM

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Purpose This paper aims to study the effect of small ruthenium additions through laser surface alloying of 304L stainless steel on the corrosion resistance when exposed to a 1 M sulphuric acid solution at 25°C. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the characteristics of laser-alloyed surface layers enriched with low concentrations of ruthenium, less than 0.3 Wt.%, were evaluated. Samples were manufactured by performing laser surface alloying on a 304L stainless steel and using a 304 stainless steel powder enriched with ruthenium. The welded surfaces were cross-sectioned and the microstructure and chemical composition were analysed; in addition, the depth of penetration was determined. The corrosion characteristics of these surface welds were investigated through electrochemical analysis such as open circuit potential measurements and potentiodynamic scans. Findings It was found that with the addition of ruthenium levels of more than 0.2 Wt.%, the corrosion characteristics when exposed to 1 M sulphuric acid improved in the enriched welded zone. Research limitations/implications This study investigated the improvement of the surface layer of the 304L stainless steel because of the cost involved when ruthenium is alloyed in the bulk and showed that an improved corrosion resistance can be achieved in sulphuric acid at room temperature. Practical implications The hardness of the laser alloying was not significantly affected by the ruthenium, but more by the laser parameters. Originality/value This paper considers the improvement of 304L stainless steel through laser alloying with ruthenium.

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“…26 The ennoblement of the OCP and low passive/active current densities of Fe-25Cr alloy and Fe-18Cr-10Ni alloy were also reported with the enrichment of Pd on the surface by electrolytic deposition. 27 Potgieter 28 studied the cathodic modification of alloys with noble metals. The noble metals provided a high exchange current density for the reduction reaction, and then shifted the OCP to the passive range resulting in easy passivation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Noble Element Alloying on Passivity and Passivity Breakdown of Ni

Kim¹,

Frankel²

2007

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Welding of stainless steels can generate welding fumes containing carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr +6 ). To mitigate this problem, a new Ni-Cu-Pd welding consumable alloy has been developed. The addition of a small amount of Cu and Pd in Ni enhances the galvanic compatibility of Ni with stainless steels and improves its localized corrosion behavior. In this paper, the artificial pit electrode technique and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to study the benefits of Cu and Pd alloying. The passive film on Ni-10Cu-1Pd alloy mainly consisted of outer Ni-hydroxide and inner oxide, and the noble elements Pd and Cu apparently did not contribute to the formation of the passive film. However, Pd catalyzed the reduction of Cu at the bottom of artificial pits, which enhanced the cathodic reaction and thus ennobled the protection potential, making stable pit growth more difficult. This catalytic effect of Pd also prevented the propagation of deep pits in a test using a thin foil crevice sample.During welding of stainless steels (SS), the evaporation and oxidation of Cr from the molten weld pool can result in the generation of carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr +6 ) in the welding fume.1,2 The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration recently issued a new standard for occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium containing a substantial reduction in the permissible exposure limit, which will make it difficult to weld SS in locations that are not extremely well-ventilated. 3,4 To reduce the emission of Cr +6 from weld fumes, a Cr-free consumable has been developed for welding austenitic stainless steel .5,6 The resulting welds in type 304L SS exhibit mechanical properties and corrosion resistance comparable to welds made with commonly used Cr-bearing consumables.Because the new consumable has a different chemical composition than the stainless steel base plate to be welded, it is important to consider the effects of galvanic interaction on the localized corrosion behavior of the new consumable. Therefore, two major criteria were established to develop a new weld metal for stainless steel: 5 1. The breakdown and repassivation potentials of the weld metal should be higher than the corrosion potential of the stainless steel base metal in environments of interest to prevent localized attack of the weld metal.2. The corrosion potential of the weld metal should be slightly higher than that of the stainless steel base metal so that the weld metal is cathodically protected.Ni-Cu alloys initially were selected based on their galvanic compatibility with types 304

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Increasing the passivation ability and corrosion resistance of chromium steel by surface alloying with palladium

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Development of a Chromium-free Consumable for Austenitic Stainless Steels: Effect of Dilution and the Behavior of Bead-on-plate Welds

Development of a Chromium-free Consumable for Austenitic Stainless Steels: Effect of Dilution and the Behavior of Bead-on-plate Welds

The corrosion resistance of low concentration ruthenium laser alloyed 304L stainless steel exposed to sulphuric acid at 25°C

Effect of Noble Element Alloying on Passivity and Passivity Breakdown of Ni

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