Increasing thyroid cancer incidence in Canada, 1970–1996: time trends and age-period-cohort effects

Abstract

We examined time trends in thyroid cancer incidence in Canada by age, time period and birth cohort between 1970 and 1996. Age-specific incidence rates by time period and birth cohort were calculated and age-period-cohort modelling used to estimate effects underlying the observed trends. Overall age-adjusted incidence rates of thyroid cancer doubled, from 3.3 and 1.1 per 100 000 in 1970–72 to 6.8 and 2.2 per 100 000 in 1994–96, among females and males respectively. Almost all the increase between 1970–72 and 1994–96 was due to papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Age, birth cohort and period effects significantly improved the fit of the model for females, while age and birth cohort effects were significant determinants of the incidence among males. There were significant differences in the patterns/curvature for age, period and birth cohort effects between women and men. Our results suggest that the increases in thyroid cancer incidence in Canada may be associated with more intensive diagnostic activities and change in radiation exposure in childhood and adolescence. Temporal changes in reproductive factors among young women may explain some of the gender differences observed. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign

Thyroid cancer: is the incidence rise abating?

“…This rise in incidence has been extensively reported, in the USA (1), Ontario (2), as well as European countries (3)(4)(5). It was associated with a change in the distribution of histological type, namely an increase in papillary cancers, accounting for more than 80% of all thyroid cancer in recent series (1,4).…”

Geographical correlation between incidence of benign disease and that of cancer of the thyroid among the population of the Rhône-Alpes région of France

“…Increasing incidence in thyroid cancer has been reported in various countries (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Increased diagnostic activity leading to an increased incidence of small cancers has been advocated as one of the possible causes of this epidemiological observation (10,14).…”

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor inhibits follicular and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells growth by upregulating p21Cip1/WAF1 gene in a Sp1-dependent manner

“…Thyroid cancers are the most common malignancy of endocrine organs (Parkin et al 2005), with an incidence rate that steadily increased over the past few decades (Liu et al 2001). More than 95% of thyroid carcinomas are derived from follicular epithelial cells, while a minority of tumors (2%) is referred as undifferentiated or anaplastic carcinoma, one of the most aggressive human malignancies (Kondo et al 2006).…”