Increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance inShigellaassociated with MSM transmission in Barcelona, 2020–21: outbreak of XRDShigella sonneiand dissemination of ESBL-producingShigella flexneri

Moreno-Mingorance, Albert; Mir-Cros, Alba; Goterris, Lidia; Rodriguez-Garrido, Virginia; Sulleiro, Elena; Barberà, María Jesús; Alberny, Mireia; Hoyos‐Mallecot, Yannick; Descalzo, Vicente; Bravo, Albert; Roca-Grande, Josep; Viñado, Belén; Pumarola, Tomás; Larrosa, Nieves; González-López, Juan José

doi:10.1093/jac/dkad031

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern, necessitating innovative approaches for developing effective Shigella vaccines. An increase in antimicrobial resistance across multiple nations has become evident from epidemiological studies [22][23][24][25][26]. Several vaccine platforms and target immunogens are being used in an effort to develop a safe and effective Shigella vaccine, including whole-killed cell vaccines, live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), LPS-based vaccines, conjugate vaccines, and subunit vaccines [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shigella Vaccines: The Continuing Unmet Challenge

Lu,

Das,

Howlader

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Shigellosis is a severe gastrointestinal disease that annually affects approximately 270 million individuals globally. It has particularly high morbidity and mortality in low-income regions; however, it is not confined to these regions and occurs in high-income nations when conditions allow. The ill effects of shigellosis are at their highest in children ages 2 to 5, with survivors often exhibiting impaired growth due to infection-induced malnutrition. The escalating threat of antibiotic resistance further amplifies shigellosis as a serious public health concern. This review explores Shigella pathology, with a primary focus on the status of Shigella vaccine candidates. These candidates include killed whole-cells, live attenuated organisms, LPS-based, and subunit vaccines. The strengths and weaknesses of each vaccination strategy are considered. The discussion includes potential Shigella immunogens, such as LPS, conserved T3SS proteins, outer membrane proteins, diverse animal models used in Shigella vaccine research, and innovative vaccine development approaches. Additionally, this review addresses ongoing challenges that necessitate action toward advancing effective Shigella prevention and control measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shigella Vaccines: The Continuing Unmet Challenge

Lu,

Das,

Howlader

et al. 2024

IJMS

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First report of Shigella sonnei carrying a blaCTX−M−15 sexually transmitted among men who have sex with men

Vecilla,

Urrutikoetxea Gutiérrez,

Nieto Toboso

et al. 2024

Infection

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Pathogenicity and virulence of Shigella sonnei : A highly drug-resistant pathogen of increasing prevalence

Matanza,

Clements

2023

Virulence

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Shigella spp. are the causative agent of shigellosis (or bacillary dysentery), a diarrhoeal disease characterized for the bacterial invasion of gut epithelial cells. Among the 4 species included in the genus, Shigella flexneri is principally responsible for the disease in the developing world while Shigella sonnei is the main causative agent in high-income countries. Remarkably, as more countries improve their socioeconomic conditions, we observe an increase in the relative prevalence of S. sonnei . To date, the reasons behind this change in aetiology depending on economic growth are not understood. S. flexneri has been widely used as a model to study the pathogenesis of the genus, but as more research data are collected, important discrepancies with S. sonnei have come to light. In comparison to S. flexneri, S. sonnei can be differentiated in numerous aspects; it presents a characteristic O-antigen identical to that of one serogroup of the environmental bacterium Plesiomonas shigelloides , a group 4 capsule, antibacterial mechanisms to outcompete and displace gut commensal bacteria, and a poorer adaptation to an intracellular lifestyle. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) have recognized the significant threat posed by antibiotic-resistant strains of S. sonnei , demanding new approaches. This review gathers knowledge on what is known about S. sonnei within the context of other Shigella spp. and aims to open the door for future research on understanding the increasing spread of this pathogen.

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Increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance inShigellaassociated with MSM transmission in Barcelona, 2020–21: outbreak of XRDShigella sonneiand dissemination of ESBL-producingShigella flexneri

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Shigella Vaccines: The Continuing Unmet Challenge

Shigella Vaccines: The Continuing Unmet Challenge

First report of Shigella sonnei carrying a blaCTX−M−15 sexually transmitted among men who have sex with men

Pathogenicity and virulence of Shigella sonnei : A highly drug-resistant pathogen of increasing prevalence

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