Increasing volume of food by incorporating air reduces energy intake

Serisier, Samuel; Pizzagalli, Anthony; Leclerc, Lucie; Feugier, Alexandre; Nguyen, Patrick; Biourge, Vincent; German, Alexander J.

doi:10.1017/jns.2014.43

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, prior to the start of each study, all dogs had been offered both foods to familiarise them. On test days, consumption kinetics was assessed through repeated short-term food exposure, using a modification of a protocol previously described [20, 22]. Briefly, each dog was offered 110 kcal/kg 0.75 for 15 min at 08:30 (1 st meal) and again at 09:30 (2 nd meal), and then offered food ad libitum for 15 min at both 10:30 (3 rd meal) and 11:30 (4 th meal).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, the group size used was equivalent to that used in previous studies assessing VFI and palatability [20, 22]. For the VFI studies, the primary outcome measure of interest was the amount of energy consumed (expressed both as KJ and Kcal per kg of MBW), whilst secondary outcomes included the weight of food consumed (in grams), and also BW (in kg) measured before and after each protocol (as described above).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a weight management diet can be changed so as to reduce VFI, and such a modification should increase the likelihood of success, provided that it does not adversely affect palatability and, therefore, overall diet acceptance. Approaches that can be used in dogs and cats include decreasing nutrient density, for instance by expanding kibble volume with air [20] or water [21], and altering the macronutrient content of the diet by increasing protein and/or fibre content [22, 23]. In addition to caloric dilution, adding dietary water can increase voluntary physical activity and may have added benefits for weight loss [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of voluntary food intake and palatability of commercial weight loss diets in healthy dogs and cats

et al. 2016

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BackgroundObesity in dogs and cats is usually managed by dietary energy restriction using a purpose-formulated weight loss diet, but signs of hunger and begging commonly occur causing poor owner compliance. Altering diet characteristics so as to reduce voluntary food intake (VFI) can improve the likelihood of success, although this should not be at the expense of palatability. The aim of the current study was to compare the VFI and palatibility of novel commercially available canine and feline weight loss diets.MethodsThe relative performance of two canine (C1 and C2) and two feline (F1 and F2) diets was assessed in groups of healthy adult dogs and cats, respectively. Diets varied in energy, protein, fibre, and fat content. To assess canine VFI, 12 (study 1) and 10 (study 2) dogs were offered food in 4 meals, for 15 min on each occasion, with hourly intervals between the meals. For feline VFI, 12 cats were offered food ad libitum for a period of 18 h per day over 5 consecutive days. The palatability studies used separate panels of 37 dogs and 30 cats, with the two diets being served, side-by-side, in identical bowls.ResultsIn dogs, VFI was significantly less for diet C1 than diet C2 when assessed on energy intake (study 1, 42% less, P = 0.032; study 2, 28% less, P = 0.019), but there was no difference in gram weight intake (study 1: P = 0.964; study 2: P = 0.255). In cats, VFI was 17% less for diet F1 than diet F2 when assessed by energy intake (P < 0.001), but there was again no difference in gram weight (P = 0.207). There was no difference in palatability between the two canine diets (P = 0.490), whilst the panel of cats diet preferred F1 to F2 (P < 0.001).ConclusionFoods with different characteristics can decrease VFI without affecting palatability in both dogs and cats. The effects seen could be due to decreased energy content, decreased fat content, increased fibre content, different fibre source, and increased protein content. Further studies are now needed to determine whether similar findings occur in obese dogs and cats on controlled weight loss programmes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0899-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of voluntary food intake and palatability of commercial weight loss diets in healthy dogs and cats

et al. 2016

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“…Low energy density diets have been suggested to improve pet owner's compliance, limit hunger signs and begging behaviours in dogs and cats on weight loss therapy (German, 2016). Common dietary strategies, in order to reduce energy density in pet diets, include increasing the volume of food by producing bigger, aerated kibbles (Serisier et al, 2014), increasing water content (Alexander et al, 2014), or to increase the inclusion of dietary fibre from non-digestible carbohydratebased plant materials (De Godoy et al, 2013;German et al, 2010b;Hours et al, 2016). Although dietary fibre is not a required nutrient in feline nutrition, the inclusion of optimal amounts of indigestible material in the diet allows a proper intestinal peristalsis and gut physiology (Kienzle et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of cat voluntary feed intake in the short-term response to the sugar cane fibre supplementation

Rogues¹,

Mehinagic²,

Lethuillier³

et al. 2020

JAAN

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Obesity is a well-known syndrome of excessive body fat in cats (Felis catus) that affects the health, welfare and lifespan of animals. Consequently, different diet strategies aiming to reduce voluntary feed intake in cats have been studied. One of these consists in reducing energy intake based on reduction of feed intake. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that dietary fibre inclusion in food reduced efficiently voluntary feed intake (VFI) in dogs. However, little clinical data is available regarding the impact of dietary fibre inclusion on cat’s feeding behaviours and VFI. The aim of the current study was to test the performance of sugar cane fibre included at three different levels in extruded feline diets. The main purpose was to measure the impact of fibre inclusion on the cats’ VFI, while maintaining palatability. Four feline diets were formulated with different inclusion levels of sugar cane fibre expressed on an as fed basis (0% sugar cane fibre (control), 3.7% of sugar cane fibre (SF3.7), 5.5% of sugar cane fibre (SF5.5) and 7.3% sugar cane fibre (SF7.3)). The VFI and palatability were evaluated in two different methods: a new method using 79 cats, called ‘consumption kinetics’ based on the dynamic measure of cat’s daily consumptions in ad libitum conditions providing information about cat’s feeding pattern, and the standard palatability two-bowl (versus) test using more than 30 cats. All foods had identical palatability performance, regardless of sugar cane fibre inclusion level, while the VFI of products containing 5.5% and 7.3% sugar cane fibre decreased significantly compared to the control diet. The level of supplementation of sugar cane fibre was efficient to reduce felines VFI without impairing food palatability level, and may be a useful ingredient to add to feline diets to improve the success of the weight management programs.

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“…A study to determine the effect of increasing dietary volume by incorporating air into dry expanded dog food reported that increasing dietary volume decreased energy intake ( 13 ) . The dilution of dietary energy density by the addition of fibre has also been suggested as a strategy to reduce energy intake in dogs, although such studies have produced conflicting results.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of reducing energy density, via the addition of water to dry diet, on body weight and activity in dogs

Alexander¹,

Colyer²,

Morris³

2017

J Nutr Sci

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Approximately 40 % of pet dogs are estimated to be overweight and this is associated with health conditions significantly reducing life span and quality. In cats, dietary energy dilution has been reported to increase activity levels and aid healthy body-weight maintenance. Our aim was to investigate this in dogs. For 28 d, a complete and balanced standard dry diet, hydrated to a total moisture content (TMC) of 72 %, was offered to forty-six dogs at individual maintenance energy requirements (MER). Intake, body weight and activity were measured. For the following 28 d, the dry diet was offered at 200 % of MER with or without hydration (7·6 or 72 % TMC) and measurements repeated. When offered diets in excess, body weight increased significantly faster (19·3 g/d) with the hydrated diet (P = 0·001), but activity levels did not change from baseline (P = 0·392), while activity reduced significantly with the dry diet (about 15 %; P < 0·001). Dogs completely compensated for the reduction of dietary energy content, indicating that this is not a useful strategy for maintaining body weight when offered excess food.

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Increasing volume of food by incorporating air reduces energy intake

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of voluntary food intake and palatability of commercial weight loss diets in healthy dogs and cats

Comparison of voluntary food intake and palatability of commercial weight loss diets in healthy dogs and cats

Reduction of cat voluntary feed intake in the short-term response to the sugar cane fibre supplementation

The effect of reducing energy density, via the addition of water to dry diet, on body weight and activity in dogs

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