Increasing Whole Grain Intake as Part of Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Ross, Alastair B.; Godin, J.F.; Minehira, Kaori; Kirwan, John P.

doi:10.1155/2013/585876

Cited by 53 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…[1,3] In the developed countries, like North America, Japan, Northern and Southern Europe, South America, Australia, and the Middle East, the prevalence of NAFLD varies from 20% to 46%. [18] Partly because of different dietary habits and body composition differences in fat and muscle, the prevalence of NAFLD in the Asian countries is 20% in China; 27% in Hong Kong; and ranges from 15% to 45% in South Asia, South-East Asia, Korea, and Taiwan. [1] In our present study, approximately one-third (31.2%) of the participants developed new NAFLD during the follow-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with occupational stress in Chinese policemen

Xing

Shan

et al. 2016

Medicine

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and occupational stress have been recognized as major public health concerns. We aimed to explore whether occupational stress was associated with NAFLD in a police population.A total of 6559 male police officers were recruited for this prospective study in April 2007. Among them, 2367 eligible subjects participated in follow-up from 2008 to 2011. NAFLD was diagnosed based on standard criteria. Occupational stress was evaluated by Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised scores.The incidence of NAFLD was 31.2% in the entire police. After adjusting for traditional risk factors, moderate occupational stress (MOS), high occupational stress (HOS), and high personal strain (HPS) were risk factors (MOS: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.237, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.049–1.460; HOS: HR = 1.727, 95% CI = 1.405–2.124; HPS: HR = 3.602, 95% CI = 1.912–6.787); and low occupational stress (LOS) and low personal strain (LPS) were protective factors (LOS: HR = 0.366, 95% CI = 0.173–0.776; LPS: HR = 0.490, 95% CI = 0.262–0.919) for NAFLD in the entire police cohort. HOS and HPS remained robust among traffic police.HOS and HPS were independent predictors for the development of NAFLD in a Chinese police population. Additional future prospective investigations are warranted to validate our findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with occupational stress in Chinese policemen

Xing

Shan

et al. 2016

Medicine

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“…The mechanisms through which whole grains intake can act against NAFLD are multiple and depend on different components. In general, whole grains are richer than their refined counterparts not only in fibers but also in several phytochemicals . Overall, the mechanisms are: (i) reduced energy intake (ii) modulation of gut microbiota (iii) effects of specific phytochemicals.…”

Section: The Association Between Individual Components Of the MD And mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, whole grains are richer than their refined counterparts not only in fibers but also in several phytochemicals. 97 Overall, the mechanisms are:…”

Section: Whole Grainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediterranean dietary pattern as the diet of choice for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence and plausible mechanisms

Zelber‐Sagi

Salomone²,

Mlynarsky

2017

Liver International

209

162

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major global health burden, leading to increased risk for cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle intervention aiming at weight reduction is the most established treatment. However, changing the dietary composition even without weight loss can also reduce steatosis and improve metabolic alterations as insulin resistance and lipid profile. The Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern has been proposed as appropriate for this goal, and was recommended as the diet of choice for the treatment of NAFLD by the EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines. The MD has an established superiority in long term weight reduction over low fat diet, but it improves metabolic status and steatosis even without it.However, the effect on liver inflammation and fibrosis was tested only in few observational studies with positive results. Furthermore, considering the strong association between NAFLD and diabetes and CVD, the MD has a highly established advantage in prevention of these diseases, demonstrated in randomized clinical trials. The individual components of the MD such as olive oil, fish, nuts, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, have been shown to beneficially effect or negatively correlate with NAFLD, while consumption of components that characterize a Western dietary pattern as soft drinks, fructose, meat and saturated fatty acids have been shown to have detrimental association with NAFLD. In this review we will cover the epidemiological evidence and the plausible molecular mechanisms by which the MD as a whole and each of its components can be of benefit in NAFLD.

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“…Although a relatively smaller proportion of patients with NAFLD have NASH, the latter is more difficult to treat, and preventing the progression of hepatic steatosis to NASH is of primary importance in the treatment of NAFLD (2,5). In general, dietetic recommendations for NAFLD are the same as those for obesity, T2DM, and dyslipidemia; however, clinical dietary trials on patients with NAFLD are scarce (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Khorasan Wheat-Based Replacement Diet Improves Risk Profile of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Randomized Clinical Trial

Dinu

Whittaker

Pagliai

et al. 2018

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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Objective: KAMUT khorasan is an ancient grain with widely acclaimed health benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a replacement diet with ancient khorasan wheat products in patients with NAFLD, in comparison to a similar replacement diet with control products made from organic semi-whole-grain modern wheat. Methods: Forty NAFLD patients (12 M/28 F; age 55.2 § 10.4 years) with mild to moderate liver steatosis were included. The experimental design was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm study with 20 participants assigned to consume either KAMUT khorasan or control wheat products (pasta, bread, crackers, biscuits) over a 3-month period. Anthropometric measurements, blood analyses, and ultrasonography examination were performed at both the beginning and end of each dietary intervention. Results: After the implementation of a general linear model for repeated measurements adjusted for baseline demographic details, risk factors, and medication, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly reduced by 12%, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 14%, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 8%, and cholesterol by 6% only in the khorasan group (p < 0.05 for all). Similarly, significant reductions in circulating proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha by 50%, interleukin l-receptor antagonist-alpha by 37%, interleukin-8 by 24%, and interferon gamma by 24% were evident only in participants who consumed the khorasan products (p < 0.05 for all). Finally, significant improvements in the liver steatosis grading, Doppler perfusion index values, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evident after consumption of both the khorasan and control products. Conclusions: This study suggests that a short-term replacement diet with ancient KAMUT khorasan products is most effective in reducing metabolic risk factors and ameliorating the liver profile in patients with NAFLD.

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Increasing Whole Grain Intake as Part of Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 53 publications

References 139 publications

Increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with occupational stress in Chinese policemen

Increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with occupational stress in Chinese policemen

The Mediterranean dietary pattern as the diet of choice for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence and plausible mechanisms

A Khorasan Wheat-Based Replacement Diet Improves Risk Profile of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Randomized Clinical Trial

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