Indacaterol/Glycopyrronium versus Salmeterol/Fluticasone in Patients with COPD—A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in the Czech Republic

Economic evaluations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pharmacotherapy: how well are the real-world issues of medication adherence, comorbidities and adverse drug-reactions addressed?

“…Twenty-five out of the 28 studies (89%) were economic evaluations or BIAs conducted in a single country/region: Canada [18], France [19], USA [20,27], Czech Republic [23], Spain [22,34,[37][38][39], UK [21,24,28,35,43], Taiwan [25], Sweden [26], the Netherlands [15,29], Scotland [30], Italy [32,40,41], Singapore [36] and Russia [44]. Three studies included multiple countries [31,33,42].…”

“…Twenty-two studies [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]43,44] explored COPD treatment cost-effectiveness (79%), of which two [29,44] performed a BIA as well. Six studies [15,[38][39][40][41][42] conducted BIA only.…”

“…Within the economic evaluations, the majority of studies followed the format of CUA (75%), in 12 articles (43%) the CEAs were combined with CUAs and lastly, one CMA was performed (3.6%). Twenty-seven studies [15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] reported the study perspective. The national health care payer's perspective was the most commonly used perspective (20 articles) [15,18,-18,21-25,27-30,32,34,35,38-42,44].…”

“…LAMA (N = 3 studies) was mostly compared with another LAMA or with usual care [24,33,41]. LABA/ LAMA was the most analyzed treatment between 2016-2020 (N = 18) and was compared with another LABA/LAMA [21,28,37,44] or to LAMA [19,29,30,32,34], LABA/ICS [23,26,31,36,40], LABA/LAMA or LAMA [27], LAMA or LABA/ICS [25], LABA/LAMA or LAMA or LABA/ICS [15].…”

“…Most studies used populations from trials to populate their models [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]43,44]. In BIAs, nation-wide estimations were used [15,29,[38][39][40][41][42]44].…”