In this paper, we introduce the notion of a quasi-biharmonic submanifold in a pseudo-Riemannian manifold and classify quasi-biharmonic marginally trapped Lagrangian surfaces in Lorentzian complex space forms.2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 53C42; Secondary 53B25.Key words and phrases. Lagrangian surfaces, marginally trapped surfaces, bitension field.
IntroductionA submanifold with lightlike mean curvature vector field is called a marginally trapped submanifold. In the theory of cosmic black holes, a marginally trapped surface in a space-time plays an extremely important role. Recently, some classification results on marginally trapped surfaces from the viewpoint of differential geometry have been obtained (see, for instance, [5]).On the other hand, a submanifold is called biharmonic if the bitension field of the isometric immersion defining the submanifold vanishes identically. The theory of biharmonic submanifolds has advanced greatly during this last decade (see, for instance, [1] and [7]). This paper introduces the notion of a quasi-biharmonic submanifold. It is a submanifold such that the bitension field of the isometric immersion defining the submanifold is lightlike at each point.In [9], the author has classified biharmonic marginally trapped Lagrangian surfaces in Lorentzian complex space forms. They exist only in the flat Lorentzian complex plane. In this paper, we classify quasi-biharmonic marginally trapped Lagrangian surfaces in Lorentzian complex space forms. We find that the situation in the quasi-biharmonic case is quite different from the biharmonic case. In fact, there exist a lot of quasi-biharmonic marginally trapped Lagrangian surfaces in nonflat Lorentzian complex space forms.
Preliminaries 2.1 Lagrangian submanifolds in complex space formsLetM n s (4ǫ) be a complex space form of complex dimension n, complex index s(≥ 0) and constant holomorphic sectional curvature 4ǫ. The complex index is defined as the complex dimension of the largest complex negative definite vector subspace of * Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata 192 (2013), 191-201. A section is added at the end.