Indentation of bone tissue: a short review

Zysset, Philippe

doi:10.1007/s00198-009-0854-9

Cited by 83 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…S3). Also, hardness is consistent for applied loads between 15 and 300 g (Zysset, 2009), encompassing the 0.49 and 0.981 N used in this study. Thus, our protocol likely had minimal effect on hardness comparisons.…”

Section: Mechanical Testing Of Salamander Humeri and Femorasupporting

confidence: 60%

Comparative limb bone loading in the humerus and femur of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum: testing the ‘mixed-chain’ hypothesis for skeletal safety factors

Kawano

Economy

Kennedy

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Locomotion imposes some of the highest loads upon the skeleton, and diverse bone designs have evolved to withstand these demands. Excessive loads can fatally injure organisms; however, bones have a margin of extra protection, called a 'safety factor' (SF), to accommodate loads that are higher than normal. The extent to which SFs might vary amongst an animal's limb bones is unclear. If the limbs are likened to a chain composed of bones as 'links', then similar SFs might be expected for all limb bones because failure of the system would be determined by the weakest link, and extra protection in other links could waste energetic resources. However, Alexander proposed that a 'mixed-chain' of SFs might be found amongst bones if: (1) their energetic costs differ, (2) some elements face variable demands, or (3) SFs are generally high. To test whether such conditions contribute to diversity in limb bone SFs, we compared the biomechanical properties and locomotor loading of the humerus and femur in the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). Despite high SFs in salamanders and similar sizes of the humerus and femur that would suggest similar energetic costs, the humerus had lower bone stresses, higher mechanical hardness and larger SFs. SFs were greatest in the anatomical regions where yield stresses were highest in the humerus and lowest in the femur. Such intraspecific variation between and within bones may relate to their different biomechanical functions, providing insight into the emergence of novel locomotor capabilities during the invasion of land by tetrapods.

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Section: Mechanical Testing Of Salamander Humeri and Femorasupporting

confidence: 60%

Comparative limb bone loading in the humerus and femur of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum: testing the ‘mixed-chain’ hypothesis for skeletal safety factors

Kawano

Economy

Kennedy

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Micro-CT and NMR imaging allow for simultaneous assessment of tissue composition and bone geometry, enabling spatially and temporally resolved measurements of tissue geometry and mineral composition [73,87]. In contrast, most of the mechanical and compositional characterization methods require a biopsy but provide a wealth of mechanical and compositional information otherwise unavailable noninvasively [3,7,11,79,89]. Destructive mechanical testing is necessary for direct assessment of bone strength and remains essential to characterization of bone structural performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an indentation test, a rigid indenter is pressed with a known force into a flat specimen, and the area of the resulting impression is estimated optically [89]. The hardness is defined as the force divided by the area of the imprint and characterizes the material's resistance to plastic deformation.…”

Section: Microindentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hardness is defined as the force divided by the area of the imprint and characterizes the material's resistance to plastic deformation. Microindentation allows characterization of the mechanical properties of individual trabeculae or osteons [88,89]. Advantages include the relative ease of testing and the ability to make measurements in multiple locations within the tissue.…”

Section: Microindentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods for Assessing Bone Quality: A Review

Donnelly¹

2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

256

172

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“…An accepted method to evaluate the mechanical properties of bone at this level is to perform indentation tests (Zysset, 2009). While nanoindentation has been intensively used to assess hardness and Young's modulus of a single lamella (Hengsberger et al, 2002;Rho et al, 1997;Zysset et al, 1999), hardness at the bone structural unit (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%