Independence of nitrogen supply and seed growth in soybean: studies using an<i>in vitro</i>culture system

Hayati, Rita; Egli, D. B.; Crafts‐Brandner, Steven J.

doi:10.1093/jxb/47.1.33

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…lower C:N ratio; defined in Fig. 2A) produced more protein per unit of biomass, consistent with other reports (Saravitz and Raper, 1995;Hayati et al, 1996). Protein changed from approximately 47% to 14% of total biomass (Table II; Supplemental Data Set S1 as the carbon supplied from amino acids was reduced from 40% to 3% of total (Table I).…”

Section: Effect Of C:n Ratio On Protein Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Likewise, cultured embryos supplied with increasing amounts of nitrogen produce more protein in both the wild type (Saravitz and Raper, 1995;Nakasathien et al, 2000;Pipolo et al, 2004) and high-protein mutants (Hayati et al, 1996). Although plant-supplied substrates impact resource allocation and affect final 1 This work was supported by the U.S. Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service and the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant no.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Carbon and Nitrogen Provisions Alter the Metabolic Flux in Developing Soybean Embryos

Allen

Young

2013

Plant Physiology

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Soybean (Glycine max) seeds store significant amounts of their biomass as protein, levels of which reflect the carbon and nitrogen received by the developing embryo. The relationship between carbon and nitrogen supply during filling and seed composition was examined through a series of embryo-culturing experiments. Three distinct ratios of carbon to nitrogen supply were further explored through metabolic flux analysis. Labeling experiments utilizing [U- ]asparagine were used to monitor differences in carbon allocation. The analyses revealed that: (1) protein concentration as a percentage of total soybean embryo biomass coincided with the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio; (2) altered nitrogen supply did not dramatically impact relative amino acid or storage protein subunit profiles; and (3) glutamine supply contributed 10% to 23% of the carbon for biomass production, including 9% to 19% of carbon to fatty acid biosynthesis and 32% to 46% of carbon to amino acids. Seed metabolism accommodated different levels of protein biosynthesis while maintaining a consistent rate of dry weight accumulation. Flux through ATP-citrate lyase, combined with malic enzyme activity, contributed significantly to acetyl-coenzyme A production. These fluxes changed with plastidic pyruvate kinase to maintain a supply of pyruvate for amino and fatty acids. The flux maps were independently validated by nitrogen balancing and highlight the robustness of primary metabolism.

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Section: Effect Of C:n Ratio On Protein Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 89%

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confidence: 99%

Carbon and Nitrogen Provisions Alter the Metabolic Flux in Developing Soybean Embryos

Allen

Young

2013

Plant Physiology

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“…In another study, Thanapornpoonpong (2004) also demonstrated the positive effect of nitrogen fertilization on seed nitrogen content of quinoa crop. Similarly, increase of grain nitrogen accumulation and concentation was caused in other crops (wheat, soybean) by nitrogen fertilization (Hayati et al, 1996;Noulas et al, 2004). Moreover, Delogu et al (1998) demonstrated that after application of 80 kg N ha -1 in barley, the nitrogen content in grain was enhanced by about 18% compared to the control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Influence of fertilization and soil tillage on nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of quinoa crop ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.).

Kakabouki

Hela

Roussis

et al. 2018

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

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In recent years, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has attached the interest as a multi-purpose crop. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of tillage systems and fertilization on nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of quinoa crop. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with two replicates, two ) were found in N2. Nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen utilization efficiency were up to 60% lower and 40% lower, respectively, in inorganic treatments than in the control. Rates of nitrogen higher than 100 kg N ha -1 (N1) did not increase the nitrogen agronomic efficiency. Regarding apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency, the higher values observed under inorganic fertilization and being greater than 100%. The highest rates of change of nitrate reduction in soil (-0.108 to -0.188 N% day -1 ) and nitrogen increase in plant (0.025 to 0.027 N% day -1 ) were observed under N2 treatment. As a conclusion, quinoa has a high capacity to take up nitrate from the soil, but presents lower nitrogen remobilization from the vegetative parts into the seeds under high nitrogen supply.

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“…Although others have shown control of grain N accumulation by the level of N supply for wheat (Barlow et al, 1983;Barneix and Guitman, 1993;Ma et al, 1995Ma et al, , 1996, barley (Dreccer et al, 1997;Voltas and Araus, 1997), maize (Wyss et al, 1991), pea (Pisum sativum; Lhuillier-Soundele et al, 1999a, 1999b, and soybean (Glycine max; Saravitz and Raper, 1995;Nakasathien et al, 2000). Comparison of the capacity of in vitro-cultured grains or seeds from low-and high-protein genotypes of wheat (Donovan et al, 1977), maize (Wyss et al, 1991), and soybean (Hayati et al, 1996) to accumulate N has led to the conclusion that genetic differences in grain or seed N content and concentration are caused, at least in part, by differences in protein synthetic capacity. The opposite conclusion was reached for barley when comparing a high-protein accession of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch), with low-protein barley cv Ruth, which were able to accumulate 300 and 350 g proteins kg Ϫ1 dry mass, respectively (Corke and Atsmon, 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

Modeling Grain Nitrogen Accumulation and Protein Composition to Understand the Sink/Source Regulations of Nitrogen Remobilization for Wheat

et al. 2003

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A functional explanation for the regulation of grain nitrogen (N) accumulation in cereal by environmental and genetic factors remains elusive. Here, new mechanistic hypotheses of grain N accumulation are proposed and tested for wheat (Triticum aestivum). First, we tested experimentally the hypothesis that grain N accumulation is mostly source regulated. Four contrasting cultivars, in terms of their grain N concentrations and yield potentials, were grown with non-limiting N supply. Grain number per ear was reduced by removing the top part of the ear at anthesis. Reduction in grain number gave a significant increase in N content per grain for all cultivars, showing that grain N accumulation was source regulated. However, on a per ear basis, cultivars with a high grain number fully compensated their N accumulation for reduced grain number at anthesis. Cultivars with a lower grain number did not compensate completely, and grain N per ear was decreased by 16%. Second, new mechanistic hypotheses of the origins of grain N source regulation and its response to environment were tested by simulation. The hypotheses were: (a) The regulation by N sources of grain N accumulation applies only for the storage proteins (i.e. gliadin and glutenin fractions); (b) accumulation of structural and metabolic proteins (i.e. albumin-globulin and amphiphilic fractions) is sink-regulated; and (c) N partitioning between gliadins and glutenins is constant during grain development and unmodified by growing conditions. Comparison of experimental and simulation results of the accumulation of grain protein fractions under wide ranges of N fertilization, temperatures, and irrigation supported these hypotheses.One challenge for global nutrition in the next decade is to increase food yield per unit ground area in a sustainable manner while maintaining its end use value (Cassman, 1999; Tilman, 1999; Tilman et al., 2002). Grain protein concentration and composition are major determinants of grain nutritional value (Feil, 1997). The concentration of Lys in grain, the most limiting amino acid in cereals for human and monogastric animals, increases with increasing grain protein concentration (Feil, 1997) despite the decrease of its concentration in total protein (Mossé et al., 1985). Grain protein concentration and composition are also the major determinants of flour functional properties (Weegels et al., 1996;Shewry and Halford, 2002). However, the inverse relationship between grain yield and protein concentration, reported for several species, may prevent breeders from improving these two traits simultaneously (Stewart and Dwyer, 1990; Delzer et al., 1995; Feil, 1997; Brancourt-Hulmel et al., 2003). To break this inverse relationship, genetic increments in grain protein yield must keep pace with those in grain yield.Therefore, efforts to overcome the inverse relationship between grain yield and protein concentration must concentrate on improving grain protein accumulation per square meter and per grain (Feil, 1997; Triboï and Triboï-Blondel, 2002...

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Independence of nitrogen supply and seed growth in soybean: studies using anin vitroculture system

Cited by 49 publications

References 41 publications

Carbon and Nitrogen Provisions Alter the Metabolic Flux in Developing Soybean Embryos

Carbon and Nitrogen Provisions Alter the Metabolic Flux in Developing Soybean Embryos

Influence of fertilization and soil tillage on nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of quinoa crop ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.).

Modeling Grain Nitrogen Accumulation and Protein Composition to Understand the Sink/Source Regulations of Nitrogen Remobilization for Wheat

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