2021
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00477
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Independent and Synergistic Modulations of Viscoelasticity and Stiffness of Dynamically Cross-Linked Cell-Encapsulating ClickGels by Covalently Tethered Polymer Brushes

Abstract: We report independent and synergistic modulations of the stiffness and viscoelasticity of ClickGels, formed by a combination of the bio-orthogonal covalent and dynamic noncovalent cross-linking, by covalently incorporating nonionic, zwitterionic, or anionic polymer brushes. Tethering nonionic and zwitterionic brushes at the cost of noncovalent cross-linking increased stiffness and slowed stress relaxation, respectively, without altering the other properties. Meanwhile, tethering anionic brushes significantly i… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Although several researches on regulating matrix viscoelasticity have been reported, these methods usually require complex physical crosslinking methods and chemical treatments [99,[106][107][108], and they merely focused on improving the viscoelastic properties of the material itself to achieve a high level of bone regeneration. Future directions need to focus on the new possibilities of combining with strategies that facilitate bone regeneration, such as stem-cell spheroids [29,30], the addition of natural ECM [109], etc.…”
Section: Viscoelasticitymentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Although several researches on regulating matrix viscoelasticity have been reported, these methods usually require complex physical crosslinking methods and chemical treatments [99,[106][107][108], and they merely focused on improving the viscoelastic properties of the material itself to achieve a high level of bone regeneration. Future directions need to focus on the new possibilities of combining with strategies that facilitate bone regeneration, such as stem-cell spheroids [29,30], the addition of natural ECM [109], etc.…”
Section: Viscoelasticitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The elastic properties determine its elasticity as well as the initial resistance to applied forces 5 . Nonetheless, biomaterials with elasticity solely restrict cell adhesion, proliferation, diffusion and differentiation to a large extent because of their inability to relax forces effectively 98 , 99 . In contrast, the viscous properties dissipate the applied load and lead to extinction of drag force as well as permanent deformation over time.…”
Section: Biomaterials-induced Physicomechanical Stimuli Towards Mscsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(c) Compressive moduli (20%–30% strain; N = 3). [Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.…”
Section: Hydrogel Modified By Internal Polymer Brushesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…88,92,114 Tan et al integrated nonionic, zwitterionic, or anionic polymer brushes into ClickGels, which were formed by SPAAC covalent cross-linking and DBCO−DBCO physical cross-linking via the SPAAC reaction (Figure 4a). 128 The degree of SPAAC covalent cross-linking, DBCO−DBCO physical cross-linking, and incorporated polymer brushes was precisely designed to modify the properties of the hydrogels (Figures 4b and 4c). It was highlighted that the charge properties of polymer brushes could regulate the elasticity and viscoelasticity of synthetic hydrogels.…”
Section: Spaacmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hence, matrix viscoelasticity seems to govern essential cellular processes and can foster types of behaviors not evident in cells that are cultured in purely elastic hydrogels in both two- and three-dimensional culture surroundings ( Charbonier et al, 2021 ). Matrix viscoelasticity seems to be important in revealing the complex interplay between cells and their environment at cell-matrix interaction sites and how these interactions variably impact mechanosensitive molecular signaling paths in cells ( Tan and Song, 2021 ). Specifically, the collagen density can foster the progression of cancer ( Provenzano et al, 2008 ).…”
Section: Environmental Matrix Viscoelasticity Acts On Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%