Independent Emergence of the Cosmopolitan Asian Chikungunya Virus, Philippines 2012

Tan, Kian Lam; Sy, Ava Kristy; Tandoc, Amado; Khoo, Jing Jing; Sulaiman, Sofiah; Chang, Li-Yen; AbuBakar, Sazaly

doi:10.1038/srep12279

Cited by 27 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…E2-L248F was described in 2012 CHIKV strains from the Philippines that are part of the B3 cosmopolitan Asian CHIKV clade derived from a common ancestor dated to 2003. 45 All Philippines CHIKV strains isolated from the nationwide 2012 outbreaks within this clade, as well as other CHIKV isolates from China (2012), Micronesia (2013), and the Caribbean (2013-2014) have E2-248F. On the basis of its proximity to known vector-adaptive substitutions, E2-L248F deserves further study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of Northwestern Colombian Chikungunya Virus Strains from the 2014–2015 Epidemic

Rodas

Kautz²,

Camacho

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Chikungunya fever, an acute and often chronic arthralgic disease caused by the mosquito-borne alphavirus, chikungunya virus (CHIKV), spread into the Americas in late 2013. Since then it has caused epidemics in nearly all New World countries, the second largest being Colombia with over 450,000 suspected cases beginning in September, 2014, and focused in Bolivar Department in the north. We examined 32 human sera from suspected cases, including diverse age groups and both genders, and sequenced the CHIKV envelope glycoprotein genes, known determinants of vector host range. As expected for Asian lineage CHIKV strains, these isolates lacked known Aedes albopictus-adaptive mutations. All the Colombian strains were closely related to those from the Virgin Islands, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Brazil, consistent with a single, point-source introduction from the southeast Asia/Pacific region. Two substitutions in the E2 and E1 envelope glycoprotein genes were found in the Colombian strains, especially E1-K211E involving a residue shown previously to affect epistatically the penetrance of the E1-A226V A. albopictus-adaptive substitution. We also identified two amino acid substitutions unique to all American CHIKV sequences: E2-V368A and 6K-L20M. Only one codon, 6K-47, had a high nonsynonymous substitution rate suggesting positive selection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of Northwestern Colombian Chikungunya Virus Strains from the 2014–2015 Epidemic

Rodas

Kautz²,

Camacho

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…However, the 2011–2013 outbreak in the Philippines was caused mainly by the Asian genotype; the reason that this large outbreak was caused by this genotype is unknown. Previous reports have confirmed the reemergence of Asian genotype viruses in the Philippines ( 8 , 9 ). In this study, phylogenetic analysis and Bayes factor calculation showed that the Philippines viruses were closely related to Indonesian viruses, which might explain why the outbreak started in southern Mindanao, near Indonesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…data). Previous studies of chikungunya fever in the Philippines focused on clinical and serologic analyses ( 7 ), and recent reports on the molecular surveillance of CHIKV in the country were limited and analyzed only samples collected in 2012 ( 8 , 9 ). We conducted genetic analysis to characterize recent CHIKV infections that caused a large nationwide outbreak in the Philippines during 2011–2013.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Chikungunya Virus, Philippines, 2011–2013

Sy¹,

Saito-Obata

Medado³

et al. 2016

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…In 2012 and 2013, cases of Chikungunya fever have been confirmed in 43 of the country's 80 provinces and outbreaks have been reported (129).…”

Section: Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Asia, the first CHIKV epidemic was documented in 1958 in Bangkok, Thailand (45) followed by numerous documented outbreaks in the Philippines, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia and Indonesia (129).…”

Section: Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global epidemiology of Zika and Chikungunya virus human infections

et al. 2017

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Zika virus was discovered in 1947. The first reported case of Zika fever was in a sentinel rhesus monkey in Uganda in 1947, while the first human cases were reported in Nigeria in 1954. Since the first evidence of human infection, Zika was active in several countries in Africa and Asia, as sporadic cases and serological evidence of Zika human infections have been demonstrated in several reports. The outbreak of Zika in Yap Island in 2007 is considered the first emergency of this infection. Since then Zika has spread worldwide with a large ongoing epidemic in South and Central America. A huge concern nowadays is about the relationship between Zika infection and microcephaly and about the sexual transmission of the virus. The first identified outbreak of Chikungunya human infection, with an incidence estimated at 23%, was reported from July 1952 to March 1953 in the Southern Province of the current Tanzania. Since then Chikungunya circulated mainly in continental Africa with limited outbreaks. The virus started to spread east bound involving most of the areas surroundings the Indian Ocean. In 2004/2005 a large outbreak developed in La Reunion a French territory in the Indian Ocean: from this point Chikungunya spread to India and from there, due a viraemic traveller returning from Kerala, to Italy where in the summer of 2007 the first outbreak with local viral transmission in a temperate climate zone occurred. In the following years Chikungunya moved to the Caribbean and South America. Recently also the USA experienced the spread of this virus and a limited outbreak based again on local spreading occurred in the French Department of Var, in August 2017.

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Independent Emergence of the Cosmopolitan Asian Chikungunya Virus, Philippines 2012

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Genetic Characterization of Northwestern Colombian Chikungunya Virus Strains from the 2014–2015 Epidemic

Genetic Characterization of Northwestern Colombian Chikungunya Virus Strains from the 2014–2015 Epidemic

Molecular Characterization of Chikungunya Virus, Philippines, 2011–2013

Global epidemiology of Zika and Chikungunya virus human infections

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