Independent Manipulation of Heat and Electrical Current via Bifunctional Metamaterials

Moccia, Massimo; Castaldi, G.; Savo, Salvatore; Sato, Yuki; Galdi, Vincenzo

doi:10.1103/physrevx.4.021025

Cited by 83 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…So far, the steady-state thermal cloak [8] and its theoretical extensions [9,10] have been experimentally realized or developed [11][12][13][14][15]. Meanwhile, researchers also designed a lot of thermal metamaterials with novel thermal characteristics beyond cloaking [9][10][11][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], such as concentrators [10,11,16]. The concentrator helps to focus heat flux in a particular region, and thus yields a higher temperature gradient inside the region, which can be used to improve the efficiency for thermal-to-electrical conversion (the Seebeck effect [25,26]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal cloak-concentrator

Shen

Jiang

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

127

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How to macroscopically control the flow of heat at will is up to now a challenge, which, however, is very important for human life since heat flow is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature. Inspired by intelligent electronic components or intelligent materials, here we demonstrate, analytically and numerically, a unique class of intelligent bifunctional thermal metamaterials called thermal cloakconcentrators, which can automatically change from a cloak (concentrator) to a concentrator (cloak) when the applied temperature field decreases (increases). For future experimental realization, the behavior is also confirmed by assembling homogeneous isotropic materials according to the effective medium theory. The underlying mechanism originates from the effect of nonlinearity in thermal conduction. This work not only makes it possible to achieve a switchable Seebeck effect, but also offers guidance both for macroscopic manipulation of heat flow at will and for the design of similar intelligent multifunctional metamaterials in

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal cloak-concentrator

Shen

Jiang

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

127

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“…Recently, Moccia introduces "transformation multiphysics" framework and concept of bifunctional metamaterial, and a shell consisting of thousands of thermal and electric elements was theoretically designed to act as thermal concentrator and electrical invisibility cloak. [21] Such study provides an encouraging example of metamaterials transcending their natural limitations, which may open up novel possibilities in the largely unexplored phase space of multifunctional/ multi-physical devices, and realize considerable potential applications. Up to date, however, the corresponding experimental demonstration is still unexplored.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To implement such a device, one can employ the so-called "transformation multiphysics". [21] In such a scheme, transformations are applied to thermal and electric fields simultaneously, and the required parameters can be achieved with a bifunctional metamaterial. However, such a scheme suffers from gradient and extreme parameters.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bifunctional metamaterials with simultaneous and independent manipulation of thermal and electric fields

Lan¹,

Bi²,

Fu³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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Metamaterials offer a powerful way to manipulate a variety of physical fields ranging from wave fields (electromagnetic field, acoustic field, elastic wave, etc.), static fields (static magnetic field, static electric field) to diffusive fields (thermal field, diffusive mass). However, the relevant reports and studies are usually conducted on a single physical field or functionality. In this study, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a bifunctional metamaterial which can manipulate thermal and electric fields simultaneously and independently. Specifically, a composite with independently controllable thermal and electric conductivity was introduced, on the basis of which a bifunctional device capable of shielding thermal flux and concentrating electric current simultaneously was designed, fabricated and characterized. This work provides an encouraging example of metamaterials transcending their natural limitations, which offers a promising future in building a broad platform for manipulation of multi-physics field.Usually, the realization of physical functionality means to manipulate and control the relevant physical fields in a desired way. To accomplish such a goal, various structures and geometries are designed based on available materials. However, the capacity and functional diversity are usually limited by the material it is made of. As a result, some desirable properties seem impossible to achieve with materials available at present. For example, a material with independently controllable thermal and electric conductivity is difficult to come 2 by. Once such material becomes available, numerous intriguing possibilities will be opened up and myriad novel applications will find their way into our life.The rapid development of metamaterials is beginning to bring such a bright future ever closer to us. Metamaterials actually are composites consisting of well-arranged subwavelength inclusions that can be considered as "effective" material. Compared with conventional materials which are synthesized at the molecular level, the novel conception of metamaterials are capable of tailoring material properties at a subwavelength level. What is more interesting, metamaterials derive their properties not from materials used in the process of fabrication, but from their designed structures. With all these novelties, metamaterials possess numerous exotic properties and promise many applications. Over the past years, metamaterials were widely used in manipulation of physical fields ranging from electromagnetic wave, [1][2][3] acoustic wave, [4] elastic wave [5] to matter wave. [6] Recently, metamaterial was introduced to control fields such as static magnetic field, [7][8][9][10][11] dc electric field, [12][13][14] thermal field, [15,16] electrostatic field [17] and diffusive field. [19][20] However, bifunctional or multifunctional metamaterials are rarely reported and studied. It is interesting to explore the possibility of creating novel metamaterials to achieve independently controllable thermal and electric cond...

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“…29 Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the manipulation of multi-physic field. [30][31][32][33][34][35] The most representative one is the bifunctional cloak rendering an object invisible both electrically and thermally. 31,35 However, most of the reported bifunctional cloaks are usually realized by single scheme, namely, passive one, by which specifically designed materials and structures are used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prove that the scheme can be feasibly extended beyond the specific cloaking example, a bifunctional device is designed to simultaneously behave as a thermal concentrator and electric cloak, which has been theoretically proposed by Moccia. 30 Full details can be found in the supplementary material, in which the thermal and electric fields can be manipulated simultaneously and independently much more easily by using our method. In summary, we have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a bifunctional cloak which could cloak thermal and electric current fields simultaneously.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving bifunctional cloak via combination of passive and active schemes

Lan

Gao

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

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In this study, a simple and delicate approach to realizing manipulation of multi-physics field simultaneously through combination of passive and active schemes is proposed. In the design, one physical field is manipulated with passive scheme while the other with active scheme. As a proof of this concept, a bifunctional device is designed and fabricated to behave as electric and thermal invisibility cloak simultaneously. It is found that the experimental results are consistent with the simulated ones well, confirming the feasibility of our method. Furthermore, the proposed method could also be extended to other multi-physics fields, which might lead to potential applications in thermal, electric, and acoustic areas.

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Independent Manipulation of Heat and Electrical Current via Bifunctional Metamaterials

Cited by 83 publications

References 38 publications

Thermal cloak-concentrator

Thermal cloak-concentrator

Bifunctional metamaterials with simultaneous and independent manipulation of thermal and electric fields

Achieving bifunctional cloak via combination of passive and active schemes

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