Independent Mutation of Two Bridging Carboxylate Ligands Stabilizes Alternate Conformers of the Photosynthetic O₂-Evolving Mn₄CaO₅ Cluster in Photosystem II

Abstract

The O 2 -evolving Mn 4 CaO 5 cluster in photosystem II is ligated by six carboxylate residues. One of these is D170 of the D1 subunit. This carboxylate bridges between one Mn ion (Mn4) and the Ca ion. A second carboxylate ligand is D342 of the D1 subunit. This carboxylate bridges between two Mn ions (Mn1 and Mn2). D170 and D342 are located on opposite sides of the Mn 4 CaO 5 cluster. Recently, it was shown that the D170E mutation perturbs both the intricate networks of H-bonds that surround the Mn 4 CaO 5 cluster and the equilibrium between different conformers of the cluster in two of its lower oxidation states, S 1 and S 2 , while still supporting O 2 evolution at approximately 50% the rate of the wild type. In this study, we show that the D342E mutation produces much the same alterations to the cluster's FTIR and EPR spectra as D170E, while still supporting O 2 evolution at approximately 20% the rate of the wild type. Furthermore, the double mutation, D170E + D342E, behaves similarly to the two single mutations. We conclude that D342E alters the equilibrium between different conformers of the cluster in its S 1 and S 2 states in the same manner as D170E and perturbs the H-bond networks in a similar fashion. This is the second identification of a Mn 4 CaO 5 metal ligand whose mutation influences the equilibrium between the different conformers of the S 1 and S 2 states without eliminating O 2 evolution. This finding has implications for our understanding of the mechanism of O 2 formation in terms of catalytically active/ inactive conformations of the Mn 4 CaO 5 cluster in its lower oxidation states.

Mutation-induced shift of the photosystem II active site reveals insight into conserved water channels

“…, D1-D342E, refs. ( 28 , 49 )). Overall, D1-D170E PSII maintains the WT OEC ligand interactions, but with altered bond distances ( Tables S1–S3 ).…”