Independent Sub-Band Functions: Model and Applications

Regional Development and Public Policy Challenges in India

“…Table 3.5 reveals that Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Kerala were among the top six most developed states in physical infrastructure in 1970-71 1972-73 1974-75 1976-77 1978-79 1980-81 1982-83 1984-85 1986-87 1988-89 1990-91 1992-93 1994-95 1996-97 1998- It is argued that the states with better infrastructural facilities are more attractive destinations for foreign private investment. While physical infrastructure facilities in the first three prosperous states have paved the way for FDI, the liberalization policies undertaken in these states 1971-1972 1981-1982 1991-1992 1997-1998 2007-2008 1991-2005 Poor states Bihar 4.10 (9) 4.23 (8) 3.83 (8) 3.79 (9) 4.39 (9) 89.12 (14) Madhya Pradesh 2.62 (13) 2.55 (14) 2.88 (13) 3.22 (12) 3.87 (12) 1521.55 (8) Odisha 2.98 (12) 2.88 (12) 3.13 (11) 3.24 (11) 4.03 (11) 2237.89 (5) Rajasthan 2.36 (14) 2.79 (13) 2.90 (12) 3.11 (13) 3.98 (13) 515.26 (12) Uttar Pradesh 3.24 (11) 3.34 (10) 3.33 (10) 3.43 (10) 1971-1972 1981-1982 1991-1992 1997-1998 2007-2008 Poor states Bihar 4.35 (13) 3.75 (14) 2.98 (14) 3.37 (14) 4.13 (14) Madhya Pradesh 5.85 (9) 5.31 (10) 4.86 (8) 4.88 (9) 5.62 (9) Odisha 4.58 (12) 4.32 (12) 4.65 (9) 4.04 (12) 4.95 …”

“…In order to see whether there is any relationship between physical infrastructure and foreign direct investment (FDI), per capita FDI data are considered along with PII data in Table 3.5. 16 (13) 4.03 (13) 3.64 (13) (7) 5.42 (6) 5.37 (6) 6.11 (6) Haryana 6.94 (4) 6.93 (4) 5.25 (7) 5.24 (7) 6.02 (7) Kerala 7.23 (3) 7.24 (2) 6.07 (5) 6.09 (5) 6.95 ( 1971-1972 1981-1982 1991-1992 1997-1998 2007-2008 Poor states Bihar − 0.93 (13) 0.64 (14) 1.95 (12) 2.06 (11) 2.86 (11) Madhya Pradesh 0.12 (11) 0.75 (13) 1.53 (13) 1.78 (13) 2.46 (12) Odisha 0.01 (12) 0.89 (12) 1.31 (15) 1.67 (14) 2.36 (13) Rajasthan 0.47 (10) 1.92 (10) 2.67 (10) 2.50 (10) 3.15 (10) Uttar Pradesh − 1.40 (15) 0.12 (15) 1.39 (14) 1.56 (15) seem to have played a complementary role in attracting FDI. However, as sluggish reformers, Punjab and Kerala could not attract high level of FDI, in spite of their good infrastructure facilities (Bajpai and Sachs 1999).…”

“…The Naxalite movement takes its name from a peasant uprising which took place in May 1967 at Naxalbari, a village on the northeastern tip of India, 13 For a detailed historic account of the Maoist movement in India, see IDSA Occasional Paper No. 20 by Ramana (2011), Banerjee (1980) and Singh (2006).…”

“…The Way Forward: Public Policy to Address Regional Imbalances in India, Process and Outcome GCF See Gross Capital Formation,300 Geographical congruity,203,218 Gini coefficient,11,108,114,210,212,213,262,303,310 Global financial crises,12 Globalisation,270 framework of,260 Global market,13,262,287 Grassroots at the periphery, 310 Greater global integration in China,303 Gross Capital Formation,300 Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP),9,13 Growing regionalism,13,269,270,272 Growth fluctuation,240 momentum,30,34 performance,12,20,21,237 council, 9, 22, 47 …”

“…urbanisation regional dimension of, 276 at macro level, 267 declining trend of, 268 of rural poor, 276 seasonal, 274 Millennium Development Goal, 162 Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region See DONER, 286 Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 8 Monthly Per Capita Expenditure, 108, 110, 111, 112, 210, 270 MPCE See Monthly Per Capita Expenditure, 108 Multi-level federalism, 318 Multi-level governance and federalism, 317 Multi 190, 312 Poor states, 10, 74, 75, 80, 238, 240, 255,8,13, 21, 276, 291 Regional disparities, 7, 11, 75, 82 inhuman development, 88 Resource-rich region, 310 Rest of India (ROI), 11, 163, 164, 171, 218, Security centric program, 161 Security-related expenditure (SRE), 186 Self-help group (SHG), 191 Shift in development strategy, 14, 306 Skewed income distribution, 165, 166 Skewed urbanization, 14 Special administrative region, 292 Special category states, 20, 199, 280, 282, 286 Special Economic Zone (SEZ), 296, 304 State boundaries, 5, 105, 108 State-level fiscal space, 246 State of human development, 198 State of States, 115, 118, 120 State Planning boards, 143 States Reorganization Act 1956, 48 Stratified mult-stage design, 210 Structural reorganization, 6 Sustainable development, 143 policies, 317 Tribal Sub-plan, 284 Trickling down, 304 Twelfth five year plan, 20, 292 U Unequal income distribution, 161, 164, 169 United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government, 169 Unorganized sector, 166 Urbanization, 3, 13, 310 dynamics of, 260, 267…”