Independent urban effect on hypertension of older Indians: identification of a knowledge gap from a Study on Global AGEing and Health

Dutta, Ambarish; Kavitha, A K; Samal, Sudipta; Panigrahi, Pinaki; Swain, Subhashisa; Nanda, Lipika

doi:10.1016/j.jash.2018.09.004

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Also, the norms of cohabitation may be different between the two societies, because unlike the west significant differences exist between Indian males and females regarding their roles and agency in family life. In addition to all these differences, the socio-economic pattern of hypertension is also completely different in India, because greater wealth, higher education, social privilege and urban residence are associated with both hypertension and its precursor overweight/obesity in the Indian society whereas it is just the opposite in high-income western nations [ 17 – 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What causes concordance of hypertension between spouses in India? Identifying a critical knowledge gap from a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of 63,020 couples aged 15 + years

Nayak

Ghosal

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background Hypertension, a critical risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is found to cluster between spouses due to within-couple aggregation of antecedent environmental risk factors, either through assortative mating or cohabitation. However, majority of the evidence of spousal concordance of hypertension is from Caucasoid couples from western societies, whereas marriage, partner selection, and post-marital roles of husband and wives are very different in Indian society. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively examine the phenomenon of spousal concordance of hypertension in Indian couples. Method Couples from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India Wave 1 (n = 10,994) and National Family Health Survey Round 5 (n = 52,026) represented 15 years + Indian spouses. Hypertension was defined when systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure was > 139 and > 89 mmHg respectively, and/or if the individual was previously diagnosed or on anti-hypertensive medication. Odds Ratios (OR) estimated the within-couple concordance of hypertension while adjusting for five environmental risk factors of hypertension: individual-level body mass index, education and caste, and household-level wealth and place of residence. Result OR marginally attenuated from 1.84 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.77, 1.92) to 1.75 (1.68, 1.83) after adjustment, signifying negligible explanation by environmental risk factors, and plausibility of “novel” risk factors. Concordance continued to weaken with age (OR: 2.25 (2.02, 2.52) in < 30 versus 1.36 (1.20, 1.53) in ≥ 60 years). Conclusion Our study underscores two critical knowledge gaps: first, the identity of “novel” risk factors of hypertension and second, the mechanism behind weakening of concordance with age. Future research should explore these novel risk factors rigorously and try to modify them. Also, primary healthcare policy of the country should focus on couples in addition to individuals for hypertension and cardiovascular disease screening and management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What causes concordance of hypertension between spouses in India? Identifying a critical knowledge gap from a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of 63,020 couples aged 15 + years

Nayak

Ghosal

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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“…In low-income countries like Nepal, socioeconomic development drives food choices and diet pattern (7), and as a country progresses, obesity burden shifts from high to low income groups (8)(9)(10). Gradual economic prosperity has triggered nutrition transition shifting dietary patterns from home-produced food to easily available processed food contributing to the burden of OBOW and NCDs in Nepal (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between socioeconomic positions and overweight/obesity in rural Nepal

Bhattarai

Larsen²,

Shrestha

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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IntroductionObesity and its association with socioeconomic factors are well-established. However, the gradient of this relationship among rural populations in low- and middle-income countries such as Nepal is not fully understood. We sought to assess the association of socioeconomic factors (education, income, and employment status) with overweight/obesity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from 260 participants aged ≥18 years and attending a rural health center in Dolakha, Nepal. Self-reported data on demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors was collected, and weight and height were measured for all the study participants. Those with a body mass index of <25 kg/m2 were regarded as non-overweight/obese and those with ≥25 kg/m2 were regarded as overweight/obese. Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals to assess the association between socioeconomic factors and overweight/obesity. In addition, we assessed the effect of modification by age and gender to study the effect of socioeconomic factors on overweight/obesity.ResultsThe age-standardized prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher for individuals with higher education (23%) and high-income (32%) and those who were unemployed (42%). Compared to the low-income and no formal education groups, the prevalence ratio of overweight/ obesity was 1.69 and 2.27 times more for those belonging to the high-income and high school and above groups, respectively. No evidence of effect modification by gender and age was observed.ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors, education, and income were positively associated with overweight/obesity prevalence in rural Nepal. Further large studies using longitudinal settings are necessary to replicate our findings.

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Independent urban effect on hypertension of older Indians: identification of a knowledge gap from a Study on Global AGEing and Health

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

What causes concordance of hypertension between spouses in India? Identifying a critical knowledge gap from a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of 63,020 couples aged 15 + years

What causes concordance of hypertension between spouses in India? Identifying a critical knowledge gap from a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of 63,020 couples aged 15 + years

Association between socioeconomic positions and overweight/obesity in rural Nepal

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