Index depressive episode and antidepressant exposure were associated with illness characteristics of pediatric bipolar disorder

Abstract

Objective: Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a serious, recurrent disorder leading to severe functional impairment. As a first mood episode, index episode could affect the long-term course of the illness. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of youth with PBD from our multicenter, nationwide, naturalistic followup samples and to identify (i) the effects of index mood episode and (ii) the effect of previous antidepressant treatments on the age at mania onset of PBD. Method:The study sample consisted of 271 youth with BD-I followed by the child and adolescent psychiatry clinics of seven different university hospitals and three research state hospitals, representing six geographic regions across Turkey. All diagnoses were made according to structured interviews, and all data were retrospectively obtained from clinical records by the clinicians.

DNMT1 downregulation as well as its overexpression distinctly affect mostly overlapping genes implicated in schizophrenia, autism spectrum, epilepsy, and bipolar disorders

“…Mental health conditions like schizophrenia (SZ), epilepsy (EPD), autism spectrum (ASD) and bipolar (BPD) disorders together constitute ∼4% of the world population ( Sawa and Snyder, 2002 ; Marshall et al, 2017 ; Inal et al, 2022 ; Lee et al, 2022 ; Zeidan et al, 2022 ). There is no single cause, but multiple etiologies ranging from physical, chemical, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors were suggested ( Hilty et al, 2006 ; Shorvon, 2011 ; Park et al, 2016 ; Rantala et al, 2022 ).…”