Index Modulation-Aided OFDM for Visible Light Communications

Wang, Qi; Mao, Tianqi; Hanzo, Lajos

doi:10.5772/intechopen.68885

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The BER performance of eSI-CAP is dependent on the design of its constellations M A and M B . To achieve a good BER performance, the minimum Euclidean distance (MED) between the dual constellation should be similar to the separation of symbols in each constituent constellation [12]. One way to achieve this is to jointly design an (M A + M B )-point constellation and then separate it into the individual constituents.…”

Section: B Description Of Esi-capmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Subband Index Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation in Visible Light Communications

Akande

Popoola

2019

J. Lightwave Technol.

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An enhanced subband index carrierless amplitude and phase modulation (eSI-CAP) scheme is developed to improve the spectral efficiency of the multiband CAP (m-CAP) in visible light communication (VLC) systems. Using indexing technique and a dual distinguishable constellations, the eSI-CAP carries information bits by modulating symbols on the subbands of m-CAP. It also encodes additional information bits on the selection of the subband indices that is modulated with the dual constellation symbols. The performance advantage of eSI-CAP is demonstrated through theoretical analysis, computer simulations and VLC experimental validations. In addition, a novel maximum likelihood detector is developed for eSI-CAP with the same order of complexity as the conventional m-CAP detector. On comparison with m-CAP, eSI-CAP requires lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per bit (γ b ) to reach a fixed data rate (R b ). Alternatively, when the γ b is fixed, it achieves a higher R b for a target BER. The results show that eSI-CAP is very attractive for VLC systems due to its flexible configuration and its improvement of the power efficiency of the conventional m-CAP modulation scheme. Index Terms-Multi-band carrierless amplitude and phase modulation (m-CAP), visible light communication (VLC), index modulation (IM), dual-mode constellation (DM).

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Section: B Description Of Esi-capmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is adopted in this work. For other values of M A and M B , candidate constellations are reported in [12][13][14].…”

Section: B Description Of Esi-capmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Subband Index Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation in Visible Light Communications

Akande

Popoola

2019

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Radio-frequency literature [8], [9] establishes that amalgamating OFDM with index modulation (IM) (i) yields a viable EE/SE trade-off by varying the number of active sub-carriers; (ii) may enhance the EE because of limited frequency resource usage; and (iii) imparts a robustness to inter-carrier interference (ICI) owing to higher sparsity of signal structure in the frequency-domain. To explore the benefits of IM for OWS, [10] and [11] explore the consolidations of IM with O-OFDM, following in DCO-OFDM-IM and ACO-OFDM-IM, whereκ ≤Ω amongΩ complexvalued sub-carriers are activated, whereΩ =Ω. However, despite the feasibility of O-OFDM-IM approaches, they have several shortcomings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome limited SE augmentation in O-OFDM-IM schemes, [11] and [14] consider dual-mode (DM) IM with DCO-OFDM, referred to as DCO-OFDM-DM. Though combining DM with ACO-OFDM has not been considered in the literature, we believe that it is straightforward, therefore, we will implement it to serve as a benchmark.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though combining DM with ACO-OFDM has not been considered in the literature, we believe that it is straightforward, therefore, we will implement it to serve as a benchmark. Nonetheless, [14] and [11] propose a DM variant of U-OFDM, i.e., U-OFDM-DM. We foresee that the performance of ACO-OFDM-DM and U-OFDM-DM will be comparable as the literature claims that both ACO-OFDM and U-OFDM perform identically [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Optical-OFDM With Index and Dual-Mode Modulation for Optical Wireless Systems

et al. 2020

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In this article, we introduce intensity modulation and direct detection compatible enhanced optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (EO-OFDM-IM) schemes. These approaches augment the spectral efficiency (SE) relative to classical counterparts by enlarging the index domain information using the so-called virtual sub-carriers. The classical O-OFDM-IM schemes do not necessarily enhance the SE because of low cardinality of IM complex-valued sub-carrier set which is limited by constraints like Hermitian symmetry. The index domain extension for EO-OFDM-IM schemes is achieved by replacing the complex-valued sub-carriers (as in O-OFDM-IM) by twice real-valued virtual sub-carriers. The realization of non-negative signals is based on precepts of classical O-OFDM approaches, that are direct current (DC) O-OFDM and asymmetrically clipped (AC) O-OFDM. Thus, we refer to the EO-OFDM-IM approaches as DCEO-OFDM-IM and ACEO-OFDM-IM. We shall establish that in addition to improving SE, EO-OFDM-IM schemes provide extended granularity effectuating better SE/energy efficiency (EE) trade-off and improved bit error rate performance over classical counterparts. The EO-OFDM-IM schemes, however, are suitable for lower alphabet cardinalities of pulse-amplitude modulation making it difficult to attain high spectral efficiencies while maintaining EE. To circumvent this limitation, dual-mode (DM) counterparts, DCEO-OFDM-DM and ACEO-OFDM-DM are proposed. The numerical simulations shall demonstrate that the EO-OFDM-DM approaches are more energy and spectral efficient than classical O-OFDM-DM schemes and provide an advantageous granularity for EE/SE trade-off. Additionally, we use efficient index mapping and de-mapping algorithms based on Pascal's triangle, which allows investigating these approaches for peak SE by precluding the so-called sub-block partitioning. For peak SE, the use of optimal maximum-likelihood (ML) detector is cumbersome, therefore, we introduce two sub-optimal low-complexity detectors based on energy detection and ML criterion. INDEX TERMS Optical-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, index modulation, intensity modulation and direct detection, optical wireless systems.

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Visible Light Positioning as a Next-Generation Indoor Positioning Technology: A Tutorial

Bastiaens,

Alijani,

Joseph

et al. 2024

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Indoor positioning technology has become undisputedly pervasive in modern society. It can be used for numerous applications in various environments, ranging from agriculture to smart industry. Among the different indoor positioning technologies, the development of the indoor visible light positioning (VLP) system has gained momentum recently thanks to its low cost and centimetre-order accuracy. Moreover, VLP is a promising candidate technology for integration with Light Fidelity (Li-Fi), which relies on the optical spectrum to build future wireless networks and plays a significant role in sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. This tutorial investigates VLP as a novel positioning technology in depth. The inherent characteristics and fundamentals of this technology are extensively described with the components of a VLP system and possible localization approaches being discussed. Furthermore, a mathematical and technical discussion of a simple minimum retrofit of the single photodiode (PD) received signal strength (RSS) VLP systems is provided. Finally, the paper concludes with open challenges and a future roadmap for VLP.

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Index Modulation-Aided OFDM for Visible Light Communications

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Enhanced Subband Index Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation in Visible Light Communications

Enhanced Subband Index Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation in Visible Light Communications

Enhanced Optical-OFDM With Index and Dual-Mode Modulation for Optical Wireless Systems

Visible Light Positioning as a Next-Generation Indoor Positioning Technology: A Tutorial

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