Index Modulation Multiple Access for 6G Communications: Principles, Applications, and Challenges

Li, Jun; Dang, Shuping; Wen, Miaowen; Li, Qiang; Chen, Yingyang; Huang, Yu; Shang, Wenli

doi:10.1109/mnet.002.2200433

Cited by 63 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The concept of computational complexity relates to the number of operations needed for both the IFFT/FTT at the transmitter and receiver [45,46]. Table 3 presents the computational complexity of the previously mentioned approaches [9,22].…”

Section: Computational Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical-OFDM VLC System: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Enhancement and Performance Evaluation

A. Zenhom,

Hamad,

Alghassab

et al. 2024

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems are favoured for numerous applications due to their extensive bandwidth and resilience to electromagnetic interference. This study delineates various constructions of Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (O-OFDM) approaches employed in VLC systems. Various factors are elaborated within this context to ascertain a more effective O-OFDM approach, including constellation size, data arrangement and spectral efficiency, power efficiency, computational complexity, bit error rate (BER), and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). This paper seeks to assess these approaches’ BER and PAPR performance across varying modulation orders. Regrettably, in VLC systems based on OFDM methodology, the superposition of multiple subcarriers results in a high PAPR. Therefore, this study aims to diminish the PAPR in VLC systems, enhancing system performance. We propose a non-distorting PAPR reduction technique, namely the Vandermonde-Like Matrix (VLM) precoding technique. The suggested technique is implemented across various O-OFDM approaches, including DCO-OFDM, ADO-OFDM, ACO-OFDM, FLIP-OFDM, ASCO-OFDM, and LACO-OFDM. Notably, this method does not affect the system’s data rate because it does not require the mandatory transmission of side information. Furthermore, this technique can decrease the PAPR without impacting the system’s BER performance. This study compares the proposed PAPR reduction technique against established methods documented in the literature to evaluate their efficacy and validity rigorously.

show abstract

Section: Computational Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical-OFDM VLC System: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Enhancement and Performance Evaluation

A. Zenhom,

Hamad,

Alghassab

et al. 2024

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The system promptly recognizes discrepancies in the local models of identical generators, signaling a potential poisoning attack. For a comprehensive understanding of this detection system, the algorithm and detailed flowchart can be found in [8].…”

Section: 2 Detection Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conventional approach to VPP modeling using FL has showcased significant advancements in decentralizing the modeling process, thereby leading to improved accuracy, computational efficiency, and the facilitation of optimal power generator dispatch. Additionally, both traditional FL and FL-trust are susceptible to cyber-attacks [8,9], primarily stemming from inherent vulnerabilities within their communication networks [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, large-scale VPPs [13] face challenges in deriving precise mathematical models, making learning-based tools like artificial neural networks (ANNs) a viable alternative for cyber anomaly mitigation. Also, ANNs can make FL-trust compatible with non-IID datasets, as suggested for future study in [8]. The nature of non-IID datasets is characterized by disparities in class representation, data volumes, and distributions across localized client datasets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mitigating Cyber Anomalies in Virtual Power Plants Using Artificial-Neural-Network-Based Secondary Control with a Federated Learning-Trust Adaptation

Taheri,

Davoodi,

Ali

2024

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Virtual power plants (VPPs) are susceptible to cyber anomalies due to their extensive communication layer. FL-trust, an improved federated learning (FL) approach, has been recently introduced as a mitigation system for cyber-attacks. However, current FL-trust enhancements, relying solely on proportional-integral (PI), exhibit drawbacks like sensitivity to controller gain fluctuations and a slow response to sudden disturbances, and conventional FL-trust is not directly applicable to the non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) datasets common in VPPs. To address these limitations, we introduce an artificial neural network (ANN)-based technique to adapt FL-trust to non-IID datasets. The ANN is designed as an intelligent anomaly mitigation control method, employing a dynamic recurrent neural network with exogenous inputs. We consider the effects of the most common VPP attacks, poisoning attacks, on the distributed cooperative controller at the secondary control level. The ANN is trained offline and tested online in the simulated VPP. Using MATLAB simulations on a HOMER-modeled VPP, the proposed technique demonstrates its superior ability to sustain normal VPP operation amidst cyber anomalies, outperforming a PI-based mitigation system in accuracy and detection speed.

show abstract

“…Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM‐IM) transmits data using two modes over OFDM subcarriers: the null and the traditional M‐ary signal constellation. However, the system's SE is limited because the null mode does not convey information, and the number of subcarrier activation patterns (SAPs) rises combinatorially 9 . Composite multiple mode orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (C‐MM‐OFDM‐IM) strategy is to improve the SE of OFDM‐IM systems by extending indexing to the energy and constellation domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSAT‐FRMET: An energy‐efficient hybrid FiWi network‐based 5G model

Kali Raman,

Saini

2023

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hybrid fiber wireless (FiWi) access networks seek to combine the vast amount of bandwidth that is available for optical networks and wireless network mobility; hence, it favors larger bandwidth request but cause the highly nonlinear lagrangian dual problem that decrease energy‐efficient network resilience. Hence, a novel Ceplato‐SAT3 model has been proposed in which the SAT3 algorithm locates the optical network unit (ONU) in an optimal position with high‐speed cost‐efficient placement and weight factor introduced into the position update to improve the exploitation and exploration capability of the algorithm. To prioritize the large bandwidth request during resource allocation, gradient priority justifier requests (GPJR) has been utilized and a novel messaging technique termed flow‐random‐message‐exchanger‐topology (FRMET) provides the index for these prioritized requests depending on QoS parameters such as notification control, reflective QoS attribute (RQA), flow bit rates and maximum packet loss rate thereby decreasing the overhead and eliminate nonlinear langrage dualand perform O2U scheduling to reduce network resilience however synchronization between different ONU clocks may cause upstream data fatal crash at the optical line terminal (OLT). Hence, curl‐trio‐opt control mechanism has been proposed in which the minimization problem is transformed into a joint optimization problem of energy consumption, traffic demand, network requests, and service flow requests by the Lyapunov technique thereby minimizing the upstream data fatal lash. The proposed model has been implemented in Python and the output obtained showed better performance in terms of ONU arrangement, throughput, energy consumption, computation, latency, and error.

show abstract

Index Modulation Multiple Access for 6G Communications: Principles, Applications, and Challenges

Cited by 63 publications

References 15 publications

Optical-OFDM VLC System: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Enhancement and Performance Evaluation

Optical-OFDM VLC System: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Enhancement and Performance Evaluation

Mitigating Cyber Anomalies in Virtual Power Plants Using Artificial-Neural-Network-Based Secondary Control with a Federated Learning-Trust Adaptation

CSAT‐FRMET: An energy‐efficient hybrid FiWi network‐based 5G model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About