Index of Vigour in Norway Spruce (Picea abies Karst.)

Münster‐Swendsen, Mikael

doi:10.2307/2403892

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…What is considered sapwood is a matter of definition (Bosshard 1984). Often sapwood is defined by color compared to the heartwood (e.g., Knapic and Pereira 2005), by pH sensitive staining (e.g., Gould and Harrington 2008), and most often by moisture (e.g., Münster-Swendsen 1987;Sellin 1994;Björklund 1999), generally, and misleadingly, treated as conductive sapwood, although water content does not imply that there is conductivity. Color based definitions tend to overestimate sapwood, and moisture based ones certainly overestimate the conductive part.…”

Section: Are There Any Extra Costs Associated With Having a Big Stem?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treelines Will be Understood Once the Functional Difference Between a Tree and a Shrub Is

Körner

2012

AMBIO

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trees are taller than shrubs, grasses, and herbs. What is the disadvantage of being tall so that trees are restricted to warmer regions than low stature life forms? This article offers a brief review of the current state of biological treeline theory, and then explores the significance of tallness from a carbon balance, freezing resistance, and microclimatological perspective. It will be argued that having of a woody stem is neither a burden to the carbon balance nor does it add to the risk of freezing damage. The physiological means of trees to thrive in cold climates are similar to small stature plants, but due to their size, and, thus, closer aerodynamic coupling to air circulation, trees experience critically low temperatures at lower elevation and latitude than smaller plants. Hence, trees reach a limit at treeline for physical reasons related to their stature.

show abstract

Section: Are There Any Extra Costs Associated With Having a Big Stem?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treelines Will be Understood Once the Functional Difference Between a Tree and a Shrub Is

Körner

2012

AMBIO

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stem discs were cut from each tree at a height of 6.1 m for assessment of radial growth of the stem during the last 5 years (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994) and determination of the tree-vigour index (Waring et al 1980;Münster-Swendsen 1987). The cross-sectional area of the sapwood is rather constant from breast height to the base of the live crown.…”

Section: Tree Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble carbohydrates, radial growth and vigour of fertilized Norway spruce after inoculation with blue-stain fungus, Ceratocystis polonica

Viiri

Niemelä

Kitunen³

et al. 2001

Trees

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to determine whether fertilization and the consequent increase in growth reduce the allocation of soluble carbohydrates in response to an induced wound. Norway spruce trees fertilized with N, P or NPK were artificially infected with Ceratocystis polonica, a blue-stain fungus associated with the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. N and NPK fertilization treatments increased radial growth of the stem and the vigour indices. The concentration of total soluble carbohydrates in the outer border of the lesion was significantly decreased in P-fertilized trees compared to corresponding unfertilized trees. However, changes in the soluble carbohydrate concentration caused by fungal inoculation were more pronounced than changes caused by fertilization. The main soluble carbohydrate was sucrose, and after fungal inoculation its concentration decreased considerably near the site of inoculation. Thus, near the site of fungal inoculation the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates also decreased significantly compared to corresponding values in unwounded phloem. Despite the fact that in all fertilized trees the radial growth of the stem increased, the only indication that enhanced growth might reduce the level of resistance was the modest positive correlation between lesion length and radial growth of the stem.

show abstract

“…Münster-Swendsen 1987;Forrester et al 2010), natural colour changes (e.g. Hatton et al 1995;Mokany et al 2003;Phillips et al 2003;Zeppel et al 2004;Wang et al 2010;Pfautsch et al 2011), differential staining of sapwood and heartwood by indicators such as methyl orange, bromocresol green and other dyes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing sapwood depth and wood properties in Eucalyptus and Corymbia spp. using visual methods and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR)

Pfautsch

Macfarlane

Ebdon

et al. 2012

Trees

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accurate measurement of sapwood depth (D S ) is essential for calculating volumetric water use of individual trees and stands. Various methods are available to measure D S but their accuracy is rarely cross-validated. We sampled 15 Eucalyptus and 1 Corymbia species along a gradient of aridity and obtained reference values of D S in fresh wood cores using light microscopy, which represents our reference method. We compared this method to the simpler and widely used macroscopic method: visual assessment of natural or induced colour change from sapwood to heartwood. In a third method, estimation of D S was based on species-specific models that rely on wood properties measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Microscopy allowed clear identification of D S based on the presence of blocked vessels. Measurement of D S using microscopic methods was possible for 78 of a total of 80 cores and ranged from 3.6 mm (E. loxophleba) to 43.8 mm (E. viminalis). Macroscopic assessment clearly differentiated sapwood and heartwood in 60 cores. Results from microscopic and macroscopic methods agreed closely (\10% deviation between estimates) in 35 of 78 cores. After elimination of clearly erroneous measurements ([50% deviation between estimates), macroscopic measurement across all species agreed well with microscopic assessment of D S (R 2 = 0.92). Models developed for differentiation between sapwood and heartwood using NIR spectroscopy were very robust (high coefficient of determination) for four species, but D S could only be predicted well for one (E. obliqua) of the four species. Even after elimination of apparent false estimates, prediction of D S by NIR across species was not as strong as for macroscopic assessment (R 2 = 0.88). D S can accurately be measured using microscopy if vessel occlusion is clearly visible. Although slightly overestimated, D S from macroscopic assessment was generally similar to that measured by microscopy. NIR spectroscopy was unable to predict D S with acceptable accuracy for the majority of species. Further improvements in the prediction of D S using NIR will require more intensive model calibration and validation, and may not be applicable to all species.

show abstract

Index of Vigour in Norway Spruce (Picea abies Karst.)

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Treelines Will be Understood Once the Functional Difference Between a Tree and a Shrub Is

Treelines Will be Understood Once the Functional Difference Between a Tree and a Shrub Is

Soluble carbohydrates, radial growth and vigour of fertilized Norway spruce after inoculation with blue-stain fungus, Ceratocystis polonica

Assessing sapwood depth and wood properties in Eucalyptus and Corymbia spp. using visual methods and near infrared spectroscopy (NIR)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About