Indexes of Leading Climate Indicators for Impact Assessment

Easterling, William E.; Kates, Robert W.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0323-7_24

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The GDD index is derived from standard climate station data and may be based on long-term mean daily temperatures; alternatively, it may be calculated from data for a given year, in which case it will take into account weather variability and is used to explain seasonal and year-toyear changes in crop yield and, therefore, economic performance. GDD is a useful climate-impact indicator as it provides objective information to users whose activities require them to manage climate risks and opportunities; additionally, GDD could provide insight from historical trends and help predict the effects of climate fluctuation or change on present-day agricultural practices (Easterling & Kates 1995). In the past, it appears most analyses of regional temperature series have used time series of monthly mean temperatures or growing season averages (Folland et al 1990, Jones & Briffa 1992, Karl et al 1993, Jones 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of growing degree-days as a climate impact indicator in a region with extreme annual air temperature amplitude

Grigorieva¹,

Matzarakis²,

Freitas³

2010

Clim. Res.

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We used the concept of growing degree-days (GDD) as a measure of the agricultural potential of climate on a regional scale in the southern part of the Russian Far East, the climate of which is characterized by thermal extremes. Daily maximum and minimum air temperatures were used to calculate GDD at 17 locations using threshold base air temperatures of 0, 5, 10 and 15°C, with a high-temperature threshold cut-off of 30°C. GDD increased from north to south in the study area, but the mean GDD varied considerably from one location to another. Marginal thermal conditions were observed in the north, both in the elevated areas and in the coastal regions. There was a high correlation between GDD and mean monthly temperature for the growing season from May to September (T59), such that the latter can be used as a proxy for GDD, which has implications for agricultural management. GDD and T59 had an upward trend over the period for the study region as a whole. The most significant upward trend was observed for GDD0, while results for GDD15 exhibit little or no trend.KEY WORDS: Growing degree-days · Climate change · Spatial and temporal analysis · Russian Far East · Climate and agriculture · Agro-climate indices · Biologically active temperature Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherClim Res 42: [143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154] 2010 climatic indices used to quantify the rate of development of crops have evolved from this. They include simple heat units based on the accumulation of daily mean temperatures above a certain threshold temperature during growing period (Wiggans 1956, Brown 1960, Wang 1960, Baskerville & Emin 1969, Chen 1973. Others are: the sum of effective temperatures (Chirkov 1965, Gordeev et al. 2006; effective degrees (Gilmore & Rogers 1958); the accumulated heat unit (Mederski et al. 1973); growing degree units (Darby & Lauer 2002); P-days, which is a heat unit for the growth and development of potatoes (Sands et al. 1979); corn heat units, used to define the relationship between temperature and the development of corn hybrids (Smith et al. 1982, Bootsma 1994, Dwyer et al. 1999, Bootsma et al. 2004; the general thermal index, developed from statistically fitted maize development temperature response functions for the vegetative and grain-filling periods (Dwyer et al. 1999); and photothermal units (McMaster & Smika 1988).There have been other approaches. One method calculates sums of positive temperatures over a period above a given threshold temperature (T base ), referred to as active temperatures for the growth period starting from the date of the onset of spring (e.g. Davitaya 1965, Kelchevskaya 1971, Karing et al. 1999, Gordeev et al. 2006. The sum of biologically active temperatures (T ac ) is given as:( 1) where T i is mean daily temperature (°C) and i = 1, 2…n is the number of days with mean temperature above the respective threshold or base temperature (T base ), marking the start of the growing season (Table 1). The ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of growing degree-days as a climate impact indicator in a region with extreme annual air temperature amplitude

Grigorieva¹,

Matzarakis²,

Freitas³

2010

Clim. Res.

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“…Our largest and most enduring influence has been in studies of the potential impacts of global warming and sea-level rise. Here geographers have developed methods, completed regional case studies, and coordinated major international projects (Williams 1978;Kates et al 1985;Parry 1990;Liverman and O'Brien 1991;Cohen 1993;Easterling and Kates 1995;Nicholls and Leatherman 1996;Kalkstein and Greene 1997). Several geographers have taken a more skeptical position on global warming, suggesting that observed warming may be explained by other factors and that climate model predictions are an uncertain basis for public policy (Smil 1990;Balling 1992).…”

Section: Program Element Goalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography and the Global Environment

Liverman

1999

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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Indexes of Leading Climate Indicators for Impact Assessment

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Analysis of growing degree-days as a climate impact indicator in a region with extreme annual air temperature amplitude

Analysis of growing degree-days as a climate impact indicator in a region with extreme annual air temperature amplitude

Geography and the Global Environment

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