India’s Riverine Nitrogen Runoff Strongly Impacted by Monsoon Variability

Sinha, Eva; Michalak, A. M.; Balaji, V.; Resplandy, Laure

doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c01274

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Due to heavy runoff of fertilisers, sewage, septic systems, chemicals from industries, and nitrite-containing food preservatives, NO 2 levels were high throughout the rainy season (Figure 9). Sinha et al (13) discovered similar results. NO 2 was found to have a positive and significant (p<0.01) connection with TSS, BOD, and PO 4 3-.…”

Section: Nitrite -Nmentioning

confidence: 64%

Water Quality Assessment of Tuikual River Water in Aizawl, Mizoram, India

Ngente,

Mishra

2023

IJST

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Objectives: To evaluate the water quality of the Tuikual River in order to determine the impact of human activities on the river's water quality. Methods: The present study examined the water quality of the Tuikual River over a year (i.e., from October 2020 to September 2021). Four sampling points were chosen along the river from upstream to downstream. The method outlined in 'Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater' was used for the analysis. The results were computed and expressed on a seasonal basis, i.e., winter (October-January), summer (February-May), and rainy (June-September). Findings: The findings reveal that the river water gets polluted due to the discharge of unwanted substances and the intensity of pollutants. It transports wastewater drains, household waste, city garbage, municipal waste, and other pollutants from a variety of locations around Aizawl. The Tuikual River also receives biomedical effluents from Aizawl Civil Hospital and Ebenezer Hospital. All of the parameters under study showed a strong and significant (p<0.01) correlation, according to the analysis of correlation coefficients. The findings were compared to scientific standards established by organisations such as the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), the World Health Organisation (WHO), and the United States of Public Health (USPH). Novelty : Most of the investigated metrics have higher values during the monsoon season, which is linked to significant rainfall that rinses nearby fertilised agricultural areas, city trash, and other pollutants into river bodies of water. This study proved the significance of serious management actions and strategies for the Tuikual River's protection, conservation, and management. It is critical to investigate the water quality of the Tuikual River before it has disastrous consequences.

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Section: Nitrite -Nmentioning

confidence: 64%

Water Quality Assessment of Tuikual River Water in Aizawl, Mizoram, India

Ngente,

Mishra

2023

IJST

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“…Our findings are consistent with previous studies ( 34 , 35 ) that identify N input as the primary factor controlling N w (figs. S23 and S24), and N input is not the major driver of extreme N w ( 36 ). Instead, the highest levels of extreme N w tend to occur in regions with low precipitation but high variability in precipitation (diffPr) and are weakly associated with high N input.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mitigating nitrogen losses with almost no crop yield penalty during extremely wet years

Liu,

Li,

Huang

et al. 2024

Sci. Adv.

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Climate change–induced precipitation anomalies during extremely wet years (EWYs) result in substantial nitrogen losses to aquatic ecosystems (N w ). Still, the extent and drivers of these losses, and effective mitigation strategies have remained unclear. By integrating global datasets with well-established crop modeling and machine learning techniques, we reveal notable increases in N w , ranging from 22 to 56%, during historical EWYs. These pulses are projected to amplify under the SSP126 (SSP370) scenario to 29 to 80% (61 to 120%) due to the projected increases in EWYs and higher nitrogen input. We identify the relative precipitation difference between two consecutive years (diffPr) as the primary driver of extreme N w . This finding forms the basis of the CLimate Extreme Adaptive Nitrogen Strategy (CLEANS), which scales down nitrogen input adaptively to diffPr, leading to a substantial reduction in extreme N w with nearly zero yield penalty. Our results have important implications for global environmental sustainability and while safeguarding food security.

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“…With large populations and underdeveloped wastewater treatment plants, much of the household and industrial wastewater makes its way into rivers and the bay ( 28 ). Additionally, countries surrounding the BoB are hit by frequent monsoons which lead to agricultural runoff of fertilizers and pesticides ( 29 ). This runoff, along with other environmental stressors, has the potential to shift the microbial community as nutrients and waste products are added to the waterways ( 30 , 31 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic diversity and functional potential of large and cell-associated viruses in the Bay of Bengal

Minch,

Akter,

Weinheimer

et al. 2023

mSphere

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The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is the world’s largest bay, offering essential services like fishing and recreation while holding significant economic value for coastal communities. However, the BoB faces environmental challenges from monsoons, freshwater inputs, rising sea levels, and intensified cyclones due to climate change. Human activities such as tourism and development also impact the region, necessitating a global change perspective. Despite its importance, microbial diversity and ecology in the BoB remain largely unexplored. We focused on large and cell-associated viruses (i.e., originating from the cellular size fraction), particularly giant viruses and large phages in two BoB coastal sites: Cox’s Bazar, a populated beach with freshwater influences, and Saint Martin Island, a less affected resort island. Metagenomic sequencing reveals a higher abundance and diversity of viruses in Cox’s Bazar and presence of viruses that suggest freshwater intrusion and runoff. We identified 1962 putative phage genomes (10–655 kbp). Notably, 16 “large” phages >100 kbp were found in Saint Martin, and a terminase large subunit marker gene phylogeny revealed substantial diversity of large phages along the BoB coast. The BoB virome encodes diverse functionalities, with a greater presence of auxiliary metabolic genes in the Cox’s Bazar viral community. Additionally, five giant virus genomes (phylum Nucleocytoviricota) encoding various functionalities are reconstructed from Cox’s Bazar (83–876 kbp). This pioneering study revealing the viral diversity and host interactions in coastal BoB lays the foundation for future investigations into viral impact on biogeochemical cycles and the microbial food web in this understudied environment. IMPORTANCE The BoB, the world’s largest bay, is of significant economic importance to surrounding countries, particularly Bangladesh, which heavily relies on its coastal resources. Concurrently, the BoB holds substantial ecological relevance due to the region’s high vulnerability to climate change-induced impacts. Yet, our understanding of the BoB’s microbiome in relation to marine food web and biogeochemical cycling remains limited. Particularly, there are little or no data on the viral diversity and host association in the BoB. We examined the viral community in two distinct BoB coastal regions to reveal a multitude of viral species interacting with a wide range of microbial hosts, some of which play key roles in coastal biogeochemical cycling or potential pathogens. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the BoB coast harbors a diverse community of large and giant viruses, underscoring the importance of investigating understudied environments to discover novel viral lineages with complex metabolic capacities.

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India’s Riverine Nitrogen Runoff Strongly Impacted by Monsoon Variability

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Water Quality Assessment of Tuikual River Water in Aizawl, Mizoram, India

Water Quality Assessment of Tuikual River Water in Aizawl, Mizoram, India

Mitigating nitrogen losses with almost no crop yield penalty during extremely wet years

Phylogenetic diversity and functional potential of large and cell-associated viruses in the Bay of Bengal

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