India's sustainable energy future and the challenges for optimised integration of variable energy sources

Abstract

Renewable energy penetration in India is strongly linked to growing energy consumption, energy security and access to energy. Variable energy sources, viz. solar, small hydro power and wind energy form a significant share of India's energy mix. High intermittency in these technologies can lead to system related operational issues such as varying power quality and unreliability. On the other hand, grid integration of renewable energy projects is essential for bringing about an increase in the renewable component of regional and national energy mix. This paper analyses the existing status, technical and systemic challenges in large scale integration of renewable energy sources. In order to understand the complexities therein, the experiences of renewable energy service providers were supplemented by secondary literature. This paper adopts a system-based view for analysing issues of renewable energy integration and up-scaling for India, encompassing technical, infrastructural, and user specific aspects. It stresses the specific interventions that would bolster system strength and readiness for a renewable rich India. It also highlights key challenges of power quality, constancy and grid balancing and each one's unique position in a sustainable energy future for India.

The accessible large-scale renewable energy potential and its projected influence on Tamil Nadu's grid stability

“…The most varied power generating portfolio in India is Tamil Nadu, with 52% RE, with an installed capacity of 33,695 MW, 44% are coal-fired power plants, 4% are gas-fired power plants, and 4% are long term and medium term open access and captive power plants (CPP) incorporating shares from central generating stations. Figure 1 depicts the current installed capacity of Tamil Nadu's conventional and non-conventional generations as of March 31, 2021 [2] and Figure 2 shows the total RES installed capacity of throughout India as on March 31, 2021. To examine mitigation approaches sourced from the most recent academic publications and technical studies in this sector in order to analyse and assess the impact of large-scale RES integration.…”

Wind Energy Scenario, Success and Initiatives towards Renewable Energy in India—A Review

“…Accurate forecasting of wind power density is also necessary for selection of the site. Various models such as Weibull distribution and extreme learning machine have already been implemented and are being utilised for determining the wind power density [21].…”