Indian Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Nesting Sites and Their Systematic Studies

Khosla, Ashu; Lucas, Spencer G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56454-4_4

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…As a whole, the recovered charophyte flora of the infra‐and intertrappean beds of east–west and central peninsular India palaeobiogeographically strongly support Laurasian connections for the northward moving, isolated Indian Plate in the Late Cretaceous–Palaeogene interval. On the basis of vertebrates, invertebrates, and microfossils, numerous attempts have been made to reconstruct the Late Cretaceous–Palaeogene palaeobiogeography of the Indian Plate, however, so far, many uncertainties remain because their palaeobiogeographical affinities are complex, consisting of three domains: Gondwana, Laurasian and endemic (Verma, Prasad, Khosla, & Parmar, 2012; Kapur et al, 2019; Kapur & Khosla, 2016, 2019; A. Khosla, 2021; A. Khosla et al, 2015; A. Khosla, Chin, Verma, Alimohammadin, & Dutta, 2016; A. Khosla & Lucas, 2020a, 2020b; A. Khosla & Sahni, 2003; A. Khosla & Verma, 2015; Verma, 2015). Among these, affinity with the Laurasian palaeobiogeographic domain is still poorly supported by the fossil record (Verma, Khosla, Goin, & Kaur, 2016; Verma, Khosla, Kaur, & Parshanth, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charophytes from theCretaceous–Palaeogenetransition in the Jhilmili intertrappean beds of Central India

et al. 2022

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The Jhilmili intertrappean beds (Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh) of Central India are studied from a palaeoenvironmental, palaeoecological, and palaeobiogeographical perspective using fossil charophytes. These beds have yielded a diverse charophyte assemblage, consisting of Platychara perlata, Platychara raoi, Platychara sahnii, Peckichara cf. varians, Nemegtichara cf. grambasti, and Chara sp. 1. These charophytes were recovered from a 60 cm thick clayey and nodular limestone unit that is underlain by claystone and overlain by laminated claystones deposited on fluvial floodplains. This charophyte assemblage suggests a Late Cretaceous-Early Danian age, which agrees with the previous dating carried out using freshwater to brackish water ostracods and planktic foraminifera found in the same beds, together with dasycladalean and halimedacean chlorophytes. The Jhilmili intertrappean charophyte assemblage resembles those found in other infra-and intertrappean sections of western, central, and southern India. The charophyte assemblage indicates that during the Cretaceous-Palaeogene timespan the Indian subcontinent mainly experienced interchange with Laurasia (China, Europe, and North America) but also with Gondwana (North Africa and South America). In the opposite sense, Laurasian species might have dispersed to India by means of a sweepstakes route across the Kohistan-Dras volcanic arcs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charophytes from theCretaceous–Palaeogenetransition in the Jhilmili intertrappean beds of Central India

et al. 2022

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“…(A) Fusioolithus dholiyaensis (Khosla & Sahni, 1995;Fernández & Khosla, 2015), Radial thin section, plane polarized light, Dholiya (VPL/KH/451), District Dhar, Madhya Pradesh. Note fusion between spheroliths displaying shallow curved growth lines; blending between three or four basal caps is also seen and ending into a single multinode (after Khosla & Lucas, 2020d). Bar length = 500 μm.…”

Section: Cretaceousmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(B) Fusioolithus padiyalensis (Khosla & Sahni, 1995;Fernández & Khosla, 2015), Radial thin section, under cross-nicols, Padiyal (VPL/KH/590), District Dhar, Madhya Pradesh. Note the thin, fused spheroliths with herringbone pattern, moderately curved accretion lines and irregularly spaced pore canals (after Khosla & Lucas, 2020d). Bar length = 500 μm.…”

Section: Cretaceousmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dinosaur fossil records from India and their palaeobiogeographic implications: an overview

Khosla

Bajpai

2021

JPS

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The complex palaeogeographic history of India involving a gradual transition from Gondwana to Laurasia with an intervening phase of prolonged physical isolation, and the biotic signatures of this complex history as preserved in India’s Mesozoic fossil record are of much current interest and continue to be debated. Seen in this context, the fossil record of dinosaurs from India provides a unique opportunity to study their diversity and palaeobiogeographic distribution in time and space. The Indian fossil record, as currently documented, is patchy and restricted mainly to three intervals of the Mesozoic era: Late Triassic, Early/Middle Jurassic and Late Cretaceous. The Late Triassic–Jurassic record, representing a Pangean setting, is known primarily from the Gondwana formations of Pranhita–Godavari (P–G) Valley in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, although sporadic Jurassic occurrences are also known from Kutch (Gujarat) and Rajasthan. The earliest Late Triassic dinosaur fauna of India comes from the rhynchosaur–dominated Lower Maleri Formation of Carnian age. Known from fragmentary and isolated specimens, the Late Triassic dinosaur fauna is currently represented by the sole species Alwalkeria maleriensis, which is possibly a basal saurischian with uncertain relationships. A slightly younger dinosaur fauna from the archosaur–dominated Upper Maleri Formation of late Norian–earliest Rhaetian age consists of a more diverse assemblage including the two named basal sauropodomorphs (Nambalia roychowdhurii and Jaklapallisaurus asymmetrica). In contrast to the Late Triassic, the Early Jurassic record of Indian dinosaurs described from the Upper Dharmaram and Lower Kota formations of P–G Valley, is far more abundant, diverse and based on more nearly complete material that is currently referred to four named taxa of stem sauropodomorphs or basal sauropods (Lamplughsaura dharmaramensis, Pradhania gracilis, Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis, Barapasaurus tagorei) plus an ornithischian (Ankylosauria). Kotasaurus, one of the earliest known sauropods, is more primitive than Barapasaurus and shared numerous plesiomorphic characteristics with prosauropods. Together, the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic sauropods dinosaurs of India document the early radiation of this group. Amongst the other important records of Jurassic dinosaurs in India is the oldest known camarasauromorph sauropod whose identification is based on a metacarpal, a first pedal paw and a fibula from the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) strata of Khadir Island, Kutch. Fragmentary postcranial skeletal material of an unidentified Middle Jurassic dinosaurs is also known from Kuar Bet (Patcham Island) in the Rann of Kutch and the Jumara area of Kutch Mainland.Post–Gondwana, the Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of India occur in a different geodynamic setting in which the Indian Plate, as traditionally considered, was a northward drifting island continent in the middle of the Indian Ocean. Apart from the solitary record of a Cenomanian–Turonian sauropod from Nimar Sandstone, Cretaceous dinosaurs from India are documented mainly by skeletal remains and eggs/eggshells from the Maastrichtian infratrappean (=Lameta Formation) and intertrappean deposits in the Deccan Volcanic Province of eastern, western and central peninsular India, and from broadly coeval Kallamedu Formation of Cauvery Basin, southern India. Skeletal remains of the Lameta dinosaurs belong to two major groups, titanosaur sauropods and abelisaurid theropods, plus a possible ankylosaur, whereas the Cauvery records include fragmentary titanosaur bones and a solitary tooth of a troodontid theropod. Apart from bones and teeth, a number of dinosaur egg–bearing nesting sites are also known to occur in the Lameta Formation of east–central and western India, extending for more than 1,000 km across the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra. Close phylogenetic relations of the Lameta titanosaurs and theropods with corresponding taxa from the Maastrichtian of Madagascar (Vahiny, Majungasaurus) and the rare occurrence of Laurasian elements such as a troodontid, pose interesting palaeobiogeographic problems in the context of India’s supposed oceanic isolation, especially after its separation from Madagascar at ~ 88 Ma.

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“…regarding nesting strategies in non‐avian dinosaurs (Deeming & Unwin, 2004; Varricchio & Jackson, 2016). For this reason, descriptive traits of eggshell microstructure have been formalized into a parataxonomical system, with a standardized terminology to classify both extant and fossil reptile eggshells, regardless of whether the egg layer is known, and study them in a morphofunctional context (Khosla & Lucas, 2020; Mikhailov, 1991a, 1997b; Mikhailov et al, 1996; Vianey‐Liaud & Zelenitsky, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diverse terminology of reptile eggshell microstructure and its effect on phylogenetic comparative analyses

2022

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Reptile eggshell ensures water and gas exchange during incubation and plays a key role in reproductive success. The diversity of reptilian incubation and life history strategies has led to many clade-specific structural adaptations of their eggshell, which have been studied in extant taxa (i.e. birds, crocodilians, turtles, and lepidosaurs). Most studies on non-avian eggshells were performed over 30 years ago and categorized reptile eggshells into two main types: "hard" and "soft" -sometimes with a third intermediate category, "semi-rigid." In recent years, however, debate over the evolution of eggshell structure of major reptile clades has revealed how definitions of hard and soft eggshells influence inferred deep-time evolutionary patterns. Here, we

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Indian Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Nesting Sites and Their Systematic Studies

Cited by 10 publications

References 100 publications

Charophytes from theCretaceous–Palaeogenetransition in the Jhilmili intertrappean beds of Central India

Charophytes from theCretaceous–Palaeogenetransition in the Jhilmili intertrappean beds of Central India

Dinosaur fossil records from India and their palaeobiogeographic implications: an overview

The diverse terminology of reptile eggshell microstructure and its effect on phylogenetic comparative analyses

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