Indian MST radar 1. System description and sample vector wind measurements in ST mode

Rao, P. B.; Jain, A. R.; Kishore, P.; Balamuralidhar, P.; Damle, S. H.; Viswanathan, G. M.

doi:10.1029/95rs00787

Cited by 292 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The technical features of this radar viz. system description, signal processing and data processing details have been discussed by Rao et al (1995). The main beam can be steered between ±20 • off zenith angle in two orthogonal planes, i.e.…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspect sensitivity in the VHF radar backscatters studied using simultaneous observations of Gadanki MST radar and GPS sonde

et al. 2004

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Abstract. Simultaneous observations made on four days using the MST radar and GPS-sonde at Gadanki (13.5 • N, 79.2 • E), a tropical station in India, are presented to address the aspect sensitivity of radar backscatters observed at different heights. The observations show that wherever stability parameter N 2 is high, vertical shear of horizontal wind is low and Richardson number (R i ) is high, the aspect sensitivity is high indicating that the aspect sensitive radar backscatters are due to thermal structures in the atmosphere. Such a case can be seen very clearly in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. At some heights, where N 2 is high, R i is high, but shears are relatively weak, the aspect sensitivity is found to almost disappear, indicating that some amount of shear provides favorable conditions for causing aspect sensitivity. Aspect sensitivity does not occur at all where N 2 is low or negative and R i is low in spite of wind shear being either high or low, indicating that the regions are well mixed and hence turbulent. The study also shows a power difference in the symmetric beams. A case study on this aspect suggests that this asymmetry is due to the tilting of layers by the action of atmospheric waves. There is indication that these waves are generated through Kelvin-Helmholtz-instability (KHI).

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Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspect sensitivity in the VHF radar backscatters studied using simultaneous observations of Gadanki MST radar and GPS sonde

et al. 2004

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“…The Gadanki radar in India (13.5°N, 79.2°E) has a resolution of 150 m [Rao et al, 1995], but it is located far from the equator. The EAR has been in full continuous operation since 1 July 2001, with only occasional interruptions to repair and maintain hardware and software.…”

Section: Atmospheric Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR): System description and first results

et al. 2003

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[1] A VHF Doppler radar with an active phased-array antenna system, called the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR), was established recently at the equator near Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Indonesia (0.20°S, 100.32°E, 865 m above sea level). The EAR is a large monostatic radar which operates at 47.0 MHz with peak output power of 100 kW. The EAR uses a circular antenna array, approximately 110 m in diameter, which consists of 560 three-element Yagi antennas. Each antenna is driven by a solid-state transmitter-receiver module. This system configuration allows the antenna beam to be steered electronically up to 5,000 times per second. The scientific objective of the EAR is to advance knowledge of dynamical and electrodynamical coupling processes in the equatorial atmosphere from the near-surface region to the upper atmosphere. The equatorial atmosphere over Indonesia is considered to play an important role in global change of the Earth's atmosphere. This paper presents the system description of the EAR, including observational results of the equatorial atmosphere made for the first time with altitude resolution of 75-150 m.

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“…Complete technical and system specifications of the MST radar are given in Rao et al (1995). The routine operation of MST radar for troposphere employs six beams for obtaining winds and turbulence parameters at 4 min and 150 m temporal and vertical resolutions, respectively.…”

Section: Instrumentation and Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach for the extraction of cloud motion vectors using airglow imager measurements

Kumar¹,

Rao²,

Taori³

2015

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. The paper explores the possibility of implementing an advanced photogrammetric technique, generally employed for satellite measurements, on airglow imager, a ground-based remote sensing instrument primarily used for upper atmospheric studies, measurements of clouds for the extraction of cloud motion vectors (CMVs). The major steps involved in the algorithm remain the same, including image processing for better visualization of target elements and noise removal, identification of target cloud, setting a proper search window for target cloud tracking, estimation of cloud height, and employing 2-D cross-correlation to estimate the CMVs. Nevertheless, the implementation strategy at each step differs from that of satellite, mainly to suit airglow imager measurements. For instance, climatology of horizontal winds at the measured site has been used to fix the search window for target cloud tracking. The cloud height is estimated very accurately, as required by the algorithm, using simultaneous collocated lidar measurements. High-resolution, both in space and time (4 min), cloud imageries are employed to minimize the errors in retrieved CMVs. The derived winds are evaluated against MST radar-derived winds by considering it as a reference. A very good correspondence is seen between these two wind measurements, both showing similar wind variation. The agreement is also found to be good in both the zonal and meridional wind velocities with RMSEs < 2.4 m s −1 . Finally, the strengths and limitations of the algorithm are discussed, with possible solutions, wherever required.

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Indian MST radar 1. System description and sample vector wind measurements in ST mode

Cited by 292 publications

References 21 publications

Aspect sensitivity in the VHF radar backscatters studied using simultaneous observations of Gadanki MST radar and GPS sonde

Aspect sensitivity in the VHF radar backscatters studied using simultaneous observations of Gadanki MST radar and GPS sonde

Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR): System description and first results

A novel approach for the extraction of cloud motion vectors using airglow imager measurements

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