Indian Spices and Roman “Magic” in Imperial and Late Antique Indomediterranea

Abstract

As Roman-Indian trade adjusted in Late Antiquity from its height in the first and second centuries c.e ., Indian trade goods became associated with magic as real connections between Rome and their Indian point of origin faded. This article explores trade relations among Rome, India, and Meroitic Kush; literary evidence of magical amulets and spells, which imbue with magical powers substances that were available in the Mediterranean only through long-distance trade; and the Roman-Indian slave trade. Previous scholarship has emphasized the Persian and Egyptian influences on Greco-Roman magic; this article, however, demonstrates the Indian influence on magical concepts at Rome and the disconnect between long-distance economic exchange and popular ideas about goods traded.

Sendera-clandi (Xenostegia tridentata, Convolvulaceae): A medicinal creeper

“…The Incense and Silk Routes are unquestionably the best known, but there were other roads carrying traders within and between continents (MetMuseum 2013). These included the Grand Trunk Road, connecting Calcutta in India to Peshawar in Pakistan (Kipling 1901, Sarkar 1926, the Trans-Saharan trade routes in northern Africa (Baiera 1977, Law 1967, Lydon 2009, and the Roman-India routes (Fitzpatrick 2011, Parker 2008, Pollard 2013). These networks were often interconnected and moved items great distances.…”