Indicadores de condicion larvaria aplicados al camaron de rio del norte Cryphiops caementarius (Molina, 1782), en condiciones de cultivo controlado

Abstract

Indicadores de condición larvaria aplicados al camarón de río del norte RESUMEN:Se estudia el desarrollo larvario del camarón de río del norte de Chile, Cryphiops caementarius, desde el estado de zoea 1 hasta el primer juvenil, caracterizando y analizando criterios que verificaron la aplicación de indicadores de tipo morfológico y de comportamiento para la evaluación de la condición larvaria de la especie, en condiciones de cultivo. Las larvas, se mantuvieron en cultivo, en un tanque de 250 L con agua a 20 psu y temperatura de 25 ± 1ºC, controlada con termostato y con un recambio del 100% diariamente. La alimentación consistió en microalgas (Nannochloris sp. e Isochrysis sp.), rotíferos (Brachionus plicatilis), nauplios de Artemia franciscana y alimento formulado. Se utilizaron cinco indicadores de carácter morfológico y de comportamiento aplicados a las larvas de C. caementarius: llenado intestinal, estado de la glándula digestiva, desarrollo branquial, comportamiento natatorio y respuesta fototáctica. Estos indicadores, permitieron determinar el estado de condición y calidad de las larvas de C. caementarius, logrando un efectivo seguimiento y asociación de cada uno de ellos, con cada estado de desarrollo larvario, estandarizando características deseables en las larvas y evidenciando resultados verificables, que permitan establecer un adecuado plan de seguimiento del cultivo, optimizar los protocolos de manejo y de alimentación de las larvas. Además de cada indicador, fue posible desglosar una amplia gama de potenciales estudios a realizar, basados en las relaciones que la morfología y el comportamiento larvario mantienen con las capacidades fisiológicas de las larvas en desarrollo. Palabras claves: indicadores, desarrollo larvario, ontogenia, morfología, comportamiento, Cryphiops caementarius, Chile. Larval condition indicators applied to the northern river shrimp Cryphiops caementarius (Molina, 1782), under condition of controlled cultivation ABSTRACT:The larval development of the Chilean northern river shrimp Cryphiops caementarius was studied, from the condition of zoea 1 up to the condition of juvenile stage, analyzing and characterizing diverse criteria that allowed checking the application of morphological and behavioral indicators for the evaluation of the larval quality of the species, under conditions of culture. The larvae, were cultured, in a tank of 250 L with water at 20 psu, at a constant temperature (25º ± 1ºC), controlled with a thermostat and with 100% refill every day. The diet consisted of microalgae (Nannochloris sp. and Isochrysis sp.), rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis), nauplii of Artemia franciscana and formulated food. Five indicators were used, considering morphologic and behavior aspects: intestinal fill, midgut gland condition, gill development, swimming behavior and phototactic response. The indicators selected in the present work, were feasible of being used for the determination of the condition and quality of the larvae of C. caementarius, being able to make an effective follow-up...

Optimization of techniques and procedures for the production and management of live feed used in the larval culture of the freshwater shrimp Cryphiops caementarius (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)

“…and Tetraselmis sp., together with nauplii of Artemia sp., filtered marine plankton and formulated feed (Munaylla, 1977;Sanzana & Báez, 1983;Guadalupe, 1985;Rivera et al, 1987). The most current information available on successful experiences of larval culture of C. caementarius is presented by Meruane et al (2006b); Morales et al (2006) and Morales & Meruane (2012), who report obtaining juveniles between 62 and 65 days of culture using a diet Table 4. Sedimentation of Nannochloropsis sp.…”

“…The salinities proposed for each of the experiments carried out in this study were defined based on the larval requirements of C. caementarius, described by Meruane et al (2006a); Morales et al (2006) and Morales & Meruane (2012). The quality of the seawater and drinking water used to prepare the brackish mixtures at different concentrations was the same as that used inside the university's juvenile production laboratory (filtration at 1μm absolute and sterilization using QR80 UV equipment).…”

“…The vulnerable condition of C. caementarius as a native species and its attractive value in the local market has aroused a keen interest in technologies that produce juveniles in controlled cultivation conditions, both for restocking purposes and for commercial purposes. However, although the artificial production of C. caementarius juveniles has been investigated for several years by different authors (Sanzana, 1976;Norambuena, 1977;Viacava et al, 1978;Hernández, 1981;Sanzana & Báez, 1983;Baéz et al, 1983-84;Rivera et al, 1987;Morales, 1997;Meruane et al, 2006b;Morales et al, 2006), its commercial escalation has only been achieved in the last 12 years (Meruane et al, 2006a;Morales et al, 2006;Morales & Meruane, 2012). The definition of biological factors, such as the duration of its larval development cycle, including 18 stages of zoea (Morales et al, 2006), the standardization of feeding protocols and the use of larval condition indicators, has been key to finalize the validation of results and the consolidation of crop technology (Meruane et al, 2006b;Morales et al, 2006;Morales & Meruane, 2012).…”