Indicators of Job Strain at Midlife and Cognitive Functioning in Advanced Old Age

Andel, Ross; Crowe, Michael; Kåreholt, Ingemar; Wastesson, Jonas W.; Parker, Marti G.

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbq105

Cited by 68 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Postretirement, lower job control and greater job strain were associated with steeper episodic memory decline, practically magnifying the disadvantage observed at retirement. Results did not vary by sex, which is in line with prior research,5 7 8 or by self-employment status. Finally, the magnitude of the associations was comparable to age and education, common factors affecting cognition, except for a greater effect of education on episodic memory cross-sectionally.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Overall, our results highlight the importance of job control in cognitive ageing 5 34 35. This notion is supported by previous work with self-direction at work, a component of work complexity,7 36–38 as well as research on general control over life circumstances 39 40.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Job demands appear to represent not solely stress, but a combination of work-related stress and intellectual engagement/challenge at work, which has potentially favourable effects on cognitive health,5 12 35 In previous research, the results for job demands were either null5 7 8 or not presented 6…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…It has been applied extensively to studies linking work-related stress to cardiovascular problems and mortality 4. Recently, the job strain model has been with poorer cognition5 6 and dementia 7 8. This may be a function of (A) chronic dysregulation of homoeostatic processes and weaken neuronal structures (eg, ‘allostatic load’9–11) particularly in the hippocampal brain region,11 or (B) facilitation of cognitive reserve by engaging, low-stress jobs 12…”

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confidence: 99%

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Job strain and trajectories of change in episodic memory before and after retirement: results from the Health and Retirement Study

Andel

Infurna

Rickenbach

et al. 2015

J Epidemiol Community Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Job strain and trajectories of change in episodic memory before and after retirement: results from the Health and Retirement Study

Andel

Infurna

Rickenbach

et al. 2015

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…Nevertheless, the effect disappeared after adjusting for employment grade (administrative, professional, clerical/support) with the exception of the effect of exposure to an active job on phonemic fluency, which was robust to adjustment for employment grade. Andel and others 25 studied the association between midlife job strain and cognitive functioning in advanced old age and found low job control in midlife to be associated with poorer cognitive performance, and active jobs to be associated with better cognitive performance in old age.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association Between Exposure to Work Stressors and Cognitive Performance

Vuori

Akila

Kalakoski

et al. 2014

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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Association of Stress With Cognitive Function Among Older Black and White US Adults

et al. 2023

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ImportancePerceived stress can have long-term physiological and psychological consequences and has shown to be a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer disease and related dementias.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between perceived stress and cognitive impairment in a large cohort study of Black and White participants aged 45 years or older.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study is a national population-based cohort of 30 239 Black and White participants aged 45 years or older, sampled from the US population. Participants were recruited from 2003 to 2007, with ongoing annual follow-up. Data were collected by telephone, self-administered questionnaires, and an in-home examination. Statistical analysis was performed from May 2021 to March 2022.ExposuresPerceived stress was measured using the 4-item version of the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale. It was assessed at the baseline visit and during 1 follow-up visit.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCognitive function was assessed with the Six-Item Screener (SIS); participants with a score below 5 were considered to have cognitive impairment. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as a shift from intact cognition (SIS score &gt;4) at the first assessment to impaired cognition (SIS score ≤4) at the latest available assessment.ResultsThe final analytical sample included 24 448 participants (14 646 women [59.9%]; median age, 64 years [range, 45-98 years]; 10 177 Black participants [41.6%] and 14 271 White participants [58.4%]). A total of 5589 participants (22.9%) reported elevated levels of stress. Elevated levels of perceived stress (dichotomized as low stress vs elevated stress) were associated with 1.37 times higher odds of poor cognition after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.22-1.53). The association of the change in the Perceived Stress Scale score with incident cognitive impairment was significant in both the unadjusted model (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.46-1.80) and after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression (AOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.22-1.58). There was no interaction with age, race, and sex.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study suggests that there is an independent association between perceived stress and both prevalent and incident cognitive impairment. The findings suggest the need for regular screening and targeted interventions for stress among older adults.

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Indicators of Job Strain at Midlife and Cognitive Functioning in Advanced Old Age

Abstract: Job control at midlife, by itself and in combination with job demands, may influence cognitive functioning later above and beyond demographic variables and other occupational characteristics.

Cited by 68 publications

References 13 publications

Job strain and trajectories of change in episodic memory before and after retirement: results from the Health and Retirement Study

Job strain and trajectories of change in episodic memory before and after retirement: results from the Health and Retirement Study

Association Between Exposure to Work Stressors and Cognitive Performance

Association of Stress With Cognitive Function Among Older Black and White US Adults

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