Indicators of poor mental health and stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic, by disability status: A cross-sectional analysis

Okoro, Catherine A.; Strine, Tara W.; McKnight-Eily, Lela R.; Verlenden, Jorge; Hollis, NaTasha D.

doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101110

Cited by 58 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Additionally, Zhang et al found personal financial loss to be significantly higher among students with disabilities (40). Interestingly, among the general population of adults, Okoro et al found non-disabled persons were significantly more likely to report experiencing job or income loss compared to adults with disabilities (55). These findings may contrast with our study due to the differences in how these data were collected and reported.…”

Section: Psychosocial Stressorscontrasting

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Related Experiences Among College Students With and Without Disabilities: Psychosocial Impacts, Supports, and Virtual Learning Environments

McMaughan

Rhoads

Davis

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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This cross-sectional analysis estimated differences, based on disability status, in college students' (n = 777) experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were modeled using t-tests and logistic regression. Most participants were white (86.2%), and women (66.4%). The mode age was 23. A third (35.6%) had at least one disability. Students reported high rates of psychosocial distress, like fear of contracting (59.7%) and spreading (74.3%) COVID-19, worry about friends and family (83.7%), and increased anxiety (72.5%), depression (59.9%), and substance use (24.7%). Forty-two percent (42.2%) were scared they would miss out on their education through virtual classes. About a third feared forgetting assignments (34.1%) and making mistakes (33.9%). Fewer students expressed apprehension about (27.9%) and intimidation by (26.3%) virtual learning. Only 17.2% would continue taking virtual classes after the pandemic. Students with disabilities (M = 12.4, SD = 4.1) experienced more psychosocial stressors compared to students without disabilities (M = 9.9, SD = 4.2), [t(775) = 7.86, p < 0.001]. In adjusted models, disabled students were more than twice as likely to experience worry about medical bills (OR = 2.29), loneliness (OR = 2.09), and increased anxiety (OR = 2.31). They were also more than three times as likely to report increased depression (OR = 3.51) and changes in sexual activity (OR = 3.12). However, students with disabilities (M = 1.5, SD = 1.1) also reported receiving more support compared to their non-disabled classmates (M = 1.1, SD = 1.1), [t(775) = 6.06, p < 0.001]. Disabled students were more likely to feel a sense of contributing to society by following precautions (OR = 1.80) and receive support from family and others (emotional support: OR = 2.01, financial support: OR = 2.04). Interestingly, no significant differences were found in students' feelings associated with online or virtual learning [t(526.08) = 0.42, p = 0.68]. Students with disabilities, though, trended toward reporting negative experiences with virtual learning. In conclusion, students with disabilities were disproportionately affected by COVID-19 stressors, but also expressed more support and a sense of contributing to the common good.

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Section: Psychosocial Stressorscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This aligns with reports of mental distress among disabled adults outside of the academic setting. In April and May 2020, Okoro et al found that adults with any disability type were three times more likely to report depressive symptoms compared to non-disabled participants (55).…”

Section: Psychosocial Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Related Experiences Among College Students With and Without Disabilities: Psychosocial Impacts, Supports, and Virtual Learning Environments

McMaughan

Rhoads

Davis

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…In opposite, in the general population the ones with risk factors or/and disabilities actually improved their psychological health most over the course of the pandemic. This may also relate to the fact that patients with maximized challenges may experience more negative health developments while individuals with disabilities or risk factors from the general population may rather perceive all the hygiene measures as protective and pleasing their needs [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygiene Behavior in Face of the Corona Pandemic: Compliance Rates and Associations With Fear, SARS-COV-2 risk, Mental Health and Disability

Lippke¹,

Keller²,

Kötting³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, hygiene behaviors such as keeping distance, avoid-ing masses, wearing face masks and adhering to hand hygiene recommendations became impera-tive. The current study aims to determine factors interrelating with hygiene behaviors. Methods: 4,049 individuals (1,305 male, 2,709 female, aged 18-80 years) were recruited from rehabilitation clinics or freely on the internet and surveyed via online questionnaire between May 2020 and August 2021. Socio-demographics, hygiene behaviors, emotions (fear), life-satisfaction, risk factors and disability as well as communication were assessed. Results: Prevalence for hygiene behaviors was: keeping the distance 84.9%, avoiding mass gatherings 84.6%, wearing face masks 96.5% and hand hygiene 80.7%. Hygiene behaviors were significantly related to fear with linear and quad-ratic associations. Conclusion: Individuals with disabilities, risk factors and psychological symp-toms are more compliant. Especially hand hygiene should be targeted to achieve higher compli-ance rates. A medium level of fear is more functional than too elevated fear. Behavioral interven-tions and targeted communication aiming at improving different behaviors in orchestration can help individuals to remain healthy and maintain a high life-satisfaction. Thereby, communication in the healthcare setting is imperative and all involved individuals should become more aware of this to ensure high hygiene standards and patient safety.

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“… 3 , 4 , 36 Although previous studies have examined whether people with disabilities perceive that the COVID-19 pandemic decreased their psychosocial well-being, 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 37 only a few have focused on various types of disabilities. 38 As a response to this lack of information, the present study investigated whether people with various disabilities (mobility, vision, hearing, and cognitive) and with any disabilities reported COVID-19-related negative effects on their psychosocial well-being—loneliness, decreased social contact, decreased hope for the future, and concern about being infected with the virus—more often than those without disabilities. We also investigated whether effects of disabilities on concerns about infection varied across different ages— that is, the interaction effect of age and disabilities on concern about infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychosocial well-being of people with disabilities

Holm

Sainio

Parikka

et al. 2022

Disability and Health Journal

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Background Before the COVID-19 pandemic, people with mobility, vision, hearing, and cognitive disabilities were at a higher risk of lower psychosocial well-being than people without disabilities. It is, therefore, of great importance to investigate whether the pandemic has exacerbated this difference. Objective This study examines whether people with disabilities (categorized as mobility, vision, hearing, cognitive, and any disabilities) report more COVID-19-related negative effects on psychosocial well-being (loneliness, decreased social contact, decreased hope for the future, concerns about being infected) than people without disabilities. Methods We analyzed population-based data from the Finnish Health, Welfare, and Services (FinSote) survey carried out in 2020–2021 (N = 22 165, age 20+). Logistic regression models were applied, controlling for the effects of age, sex, partnership, living alone, and education. Results All disability groups, except those with vision disabilities, reported significantly more often that the pandemic increased loneliness than people without disabilities. There were no significant differences between the disability groups and people without disabilities in decreased social contacts. People with only mobility and cognitive disabilities reported significantly more often that the pandemic decreased their hope for the future than those without disabilities. All disability groups were more often concerned about being infected than people without disabilities, but this effect was not significant among people 75 or older. Conclusion The psychosocial well-being of people with specific types of disabilities should receive special attention during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Indicators of poor mental health and stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic, by disability status: A cross-sectional analysis

Cited by 58 publications

References 42 publications

COVID-19 Related Experiences Among College Students With and Without Disabilities: Psychosocial Impacts, Supports, and Virtual Learning Environments

COVID-19 Related Experiences Among College Students With and Without Disabilities: Psychosocial Impacts, Supports, and Virtual Learning Environments

Hygiene Behavior in Face of the Corona Pandemic: Compliance Rates and Associations With Fear, SARS-COV-2 risk, Mental Health and Disability

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychosocial well-being of people with disabilities

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