Indicators on global value chains

Abstract

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Trade Liberalization in APEC and Global Value Chain Participation: What Can Value Added Indicators Tell?

“…This has limitations due to data availability (Ahmad et al, 2017). We follow the major ICIO projects 1) assuming proportionality for the allocation of trade flows over sectors inside a predefined bilateral trade flow of intermediates.…”

“…1) For example, the OECD-ICIO (Ahmad et al, 2017), WIOD (Dietzenbacher et al, 2013), or ICIOs based on the GTAP database (e.g., Peters et al, 2011, Tsigas et al, 2012, Greenville et al, 2017) 2) Refer to Flaig et al (2018) for a detailed description of prices and quantities used to construct the ICIO. 3) Aggregate (sum over source regions) import shares are sourced from GTAP and vary by activity for countries where this information is available.…”

“…3) Aggregate (sum over source regions) import shares are sourced from GTAP and vary by activity for countries where this information is available. Although data improved strongly in recent years on this more aggregate level, data availability is still an issue, and thus, proportionality is typically applied for many countries (e.g., Ahmad et al, 2017).…”

Do cross‐border mergers and acquisitions reflect participations into global value chains?

“…More precisely, the backward GVC participation index, produced by OECD as part of the TiVA statistics, is defined as the average value over the period 1995-1999 of the ratio of total value added imported from the supplier sector j in country z embodied in the total exports of the user sector i in country h, EXGR_BSCI jz,ih , and the total gross exports of country h, EXGR h : 9 Although many indicators of participation in GVCs have been proposed in the literature, we use TiVA indicators because of their widespread diffusion in both policy and academic analyses (see, e.g. Bohn et al, 2018); for a presentation and discussion of the methodology adopted in their construction, see Ahmad et al (2017).…”

Trade facilitating and restricting measures and tariff rates in Latin America vs world economies

“…They have transformed world trade thanks to decreasing transport costs, advances in information technologies and trade liberalisation. Recent evidence points to the changes of the structure of GVCs (Ahmad et al, 2017). 8 They can play a role in the catch-up of firms, but are also heterogeneous across firms and countries (Criscuolo and Timmis, 2017a).…”