Indices of Habitual Fatty Acid Intake in Pre-Diabetic and Normoglycemic Individuals: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

Introduction:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the amount and quality of fat consumed habitually by pre-diabetic and normoglycaemic adults. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional epidemiological study involving 233 individuals from the East and West Zones of the municipality of João Pessoa, Northeastern Brazil, was performed. Anthropometric, biochemical, food consumption, and lifestyle data were collected.Results: There were no differences for demographic, socioeconomic, epidemiological variables, as well as for the variables of habitual consumption of fat and different types of isolated or associated fatty acids and lifestyle between the two groups. However, different relationships were observed in each group, between fasting blood glucose values and fat consumption, such as: in the pre-diabetic group there was an inverse relationship with fat consumption tertiles in relation to fatty acids (AG) monounsaturated (M) -(15.16 ± 0.65g and 24.11 ± 2.74g) and Index I: S (I: S) -(1.39 ± 0.72g); and positive relationships with the consumption of the w-6: w-3 and w-6: w-9 indexes. In the normoglycemic group, inverse relationships were observed with the consumption of AGM w-3 and the w-3 total fat index and a positive relationship with the consumption of total polyunsaturated AG fats, indexes w-6: w-3, I: S w-6: w-9. Conclusion:It was concluded that there were no differences between the consumption variables for all types of fats between the two groups, but differences were observed in terms of the amounts consumed, especially regarding the indices between fatty acids, when relating these values of consumption in each group with fasting blood glucose values. Therefore, the quantitative needs of different types of fats to prevent the increase or reduction of blood glucose, are possibly different between normoglycemic and pre-diabetic.