Indigenous Bacteria from the Gut Microbiota Regulate Host Serotonin Biosynthesis

Abstract

Cell 161, 264-276; April 9, 2015) In Figure S5D of this article, the representative flow cytometry plot of forward versus side scatter for unstimulated platelets was incorrectly duplicated during the final formatting of the paper for SPF+PCPA and GF conditions. The figure has been corrected online, and the originally published descriptions of the results in the text and figure legend are accurate.In Figure 3A, the ''GF+conv'' bar represents germ-free (GF) mice conventionalized with standard pathogen-free (SPF) microbiota on postnatal day 21 (P21). The published main text incorrectly referred to conventionalization on P42. Though we show in Figure 1B very similar levels of colonic serotonin after conventionalization on P21 versus P42, the ''GF+conv'' data in Figure 3A is specifically from GF mice conventionalized on P21. This error in the text has also been corrected online.Overall, these changes have no bearing on the experimental results or conclusions presented in the manuscript. We apologize for any inconvenience that these errors have caused.

Gut–brain axis biochemical signalling from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system: gut dysbiosis and altered brain function

“…The same researchers posit that hydrogen sulfide production can modulate gut mobility through interactions with vanilloid receptors found in capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibres 25. In a different study, it was demonstrated that gut microbes were able to communicate with the brain and influence the central nervous system by directly altering neurotransmitter levels 26. As an example, the human gastrointestinal tract contains most of the body’s serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) 26…”

“…The aim of a recent study was to demonstrate that the microbiota directly regulates 5-HT via metabolic signalling 26. The authors found out that introduction of spore-forming bacteria into the gut leads to the breakdown of short-chain fatty acids and reduced serotonin production; decreased serotonin levels in the gut then trigger neurochemical signalling to both the brain and the central nervous system.…”

Formula diet driven microbiota shifts tryptophan metabolism from serotonin to tryptamine in neonatal porcine colon

“…and Lactobacillus from colons of formula fed piglets [9]. Interestingly, Yano et al reported that gut microbiota regulate host sertotonin biosythesis [10]. Several exogenous factors including specific dietary components and microbiota alter serotonin release [10, 11].…”

More Than a Gut Feeling: The Implications of the Gut Microbiota in Psychiatry

“…For example, in healthy individuals, the gut microbiota has been shown to facilitate the metabolism of tryptophan by enteroendocrine cells into its metabolites, kynurenine and serotonin (5). This process may occur via SCFAs increasing tryptophan hydroxylase expression (1).…”

“…This process may occur via SCFAs increasing tryptophan hydroxylase expression (1). However, other microbiota metabolites may be involved, and there is also evidence of de novo production of serotonin by bacteria, at least in culture (5). Of interest, germ-free mice have been shown to have higher levels of tryptophan and lower levels of serotonin when compared to control mice, suggesting impaired conversion in this population.…”