Indigenous Children’s Right to Learn Their Mother Tongue at School: Implementation and Realization in Russia

Abstract

According to official statistics, there are decreasing numbers of Nenets people*the largest group of indigenous small-numbered people in Russia*who know their native language. Moreover, it is mostly elderly people who know the language. Even though children learn the Nenets language at school, they do not know it properly. This is especially true in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in northwest Russia. In the eight-year period between the population censuses of 2002 and 2010, the number of Nenets speakers in this area decreased threefold. While many factors have contributed to this decline, this article focuses on the legal issues that have impacted the situation. Particular emphasis is given to the inadequate implementation into national legislation of international commitments that guarantee the right of indigenous children to learn their mother tongue at school and the ineffective realization of legal commitments of national legislation concerning this right. This article examines how sources of law concerning indigenous children's right to learn their mother tongue are implemented and realized in Russia. The focus is on the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Human Rights of Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples in Russia: Recent Developments

“…However, the RF has joined other core international minority instruments and is consequently bound to protect indigenous rights due to this. 10,11 According to Article 69 (1) of the Constitution of the RF, "the RF shall guarantee the rights of the indigenous small peoples according to the universally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties and agreements of the RF." Moreover, according to Article 15 (4), "the universally-recognized norms of international law and international treaties and agreements of the RF shall be a component part of its legal system.…”