Indigenous genetic lineages of<i>Fagus crenata</i>found in the Izu Peninsula suggest that there was one of refugia for the species during the last glacial maximum

Katai, Hideyuki; Takahashi, Makoto; Hiraoka, Koichi; Yamada, Shinya; Tomaru, Nobuhiro

doi:10.1007/s10310-012-0368-8

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, NEK and SCK were also similar in terms of genetic diversity ( Ht ) and differentiation ( Gst ) of haplotypes (0.690 and 0.603 vs. 0.712 and 0.572, respectively). In addition, like SCK, most of the haplotypes identified in NEK were geographically restricted being mostly limited to one population, which is similar to what has been observed in established glacial refugia for F. crenata on the Izu Peninsula (Katai et al, 2013) and for F. sylvatica in parts of Greece and the Italian Peninsula (Mouratidis et al, 2015; Vettori et al, 2004). Alternative scenarios whereby the populations are in fact derived from post‐glacial expansion from distant refugia are far less likely.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…During the LGM, fossil evidence demonstrates that F. crenata likely persisted at low elevations near the coast below latitudes of 38°N in Honshu, where it occurred at low densities (Momohara et al, 2016; Tsukada, 1982). However, until this study, the only precisely determined location of a glacial refugia for F. crenata in Honshu has been the Izu Peninsula (34.5°N) which harbors a unique chloroplast lineage (Katai et al, 2013). This study provides the first clear‐cut genetic evidence for local glacial refugia in the NEK region for F. crenata .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Low‐elevation warm‐edge Fagus crenata populations in the core of the species range are glacial relicts with high conservation value

Worth

Shitara

Kitamura

et al. 2022

Ecological Research

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Warm‐edge populations, that is, those usually small and isolated populations at the boundary of species maximum temperature range limit, are of particular scientific and conservation interest. This is especially the case for those that have long been geographically isolated, possibly through multiple glaciations, as they can contribute significantly to species' overall genetic diversity. However, distinguishing between glacial relict and more recently established warm‐edge populations is difficult especially in the absence of a continuous fossil record. In this study, we investigate the origin of anomalously low‐elevation warm‐edge populations of the dominant cool temperate Japanese tree Fagus crenata in the northeast Kanto (NEK) region. We sought to determine whether these populations are glacial relicts or, rather, were established via dispersal in the Holocene using chloroplast and nuclear genetic data, species distribution modeling and comparison with populations in a well‐established glacial refugia (south‐central Kyushu [SCK]) and of mid‐late Holocene age (southern Hokkaido [SH]). Whole chloroplast genome “mining” revealed a similar amount of haplotype diversity in NEK and SCK while there was no chloroplast variation in SH. Populations in NEK, particularly the lowest elevation sites, harbored unique haplotypes providing evidence for their persistence since the Last Glacial Maximum as supported by species distribution models under two of three general circulation models. NEK populations also lacked the genetic signatures of recent expansion that characterize the most northern‐edge populations in SH. We conclude that warm‐edge populations in NEK are most likely relicts of glacial refugia and should be given high priority for conservation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Low‐elevation warm‐edge Fagus crenata populations in the core of the species range are glacial relicts with high conservation value

Worth

Shitara

Kitamura

et al. 2022

Ecological Research

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“…This spatial structuring of cpDNA haplotypes might reflect the different expansion routes by seed into Okushiri Island. Like the former studies which characterized refugia of this species by cpDNA haplotypes ( Okaura and Harada, 2002 ; Katai et al., 2011 ; Katai et al., 2017 ), different haplotypes on the island might indicate the existence of refugia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Possible northern persistence of Siebold’s beech, Fagus crenata, at its northernmost distribution limit on an island in Japan Sea: Okushiri Island, Hokkaido

Kitamura

Namikawa²,

Tsuda³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Siebold’s beech, Fagus crenata, is widely distributed across the Japanese Archipelago and islands in Japan Sea. Similar to the northern limit of the geographical distribution of F. crenata on the mainland of Hokkaido, the northern limit of the distribution of F. crenata on islands in the Japan Sea is observed on Okushiri Island (ca 42°N). To understand the genetic relationships of F. crenata on Okushiri Island, we examined chloroplast (cp) DNA haplotypes and 11 nuclear microsatellite (SSR) loci among 1,838 individuals from 44 populations from Okushiri Island, mainland Hokkaido, and the northern part of the Tohoku region on Honshu Island. We identified 2 cpDNA haplotypes, which represent not only populations on the Japan Sea coast but also those on the Pacific coast and this suggested the Okushiri Island populations might not be formed by single colonization. Genetic diversity of the Okushiri Island populations of nuclear SSR was not lower than the mainland and the STRUCTURE analysis revealed the Okushiri Island individuals were admixed between Hokkaido and Tohoku clusters. Approximate Bayesian computation inferred that divergence between Tohoku and Hokkaido, and admixture between two populations which generated Okushiri populations occurred before the last glacial maximum (LGM), that is, 7,890 (95% hyper probability density (HPD): 3,420 – 9,910) and 3,870 (95% HPD: 431– 8,540) generations ago, respectively. These inferences were well supported by a geological history which suggested an isolation of Okushiri Island from Hokkaido started prior to the Middle Pleistocene. We discuss the possible persistence of F. crenata during the last glacial maximum on northern islands in the Japan Sea such as Okushiri Island.

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“…1). The Pacific Ocean side populations are less spatially dominant, but they contain many haplotypes; thus, conservation is needed through recruitment management (Katai et al 2013;Tomaru et al 1997). According to previous SDMs of F. crenata-dominant forests corresponding to adult distributions, the distributions of adult F. crenata are projected to decrease widely under future climate conditions (Matsui et al 2009(Matsui et al , 2004.…”

Section: Target Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, preserving sites that never lose F. crenata juvenile PHs under any GCMs would be useful. Regeneration management or planting should be considered for other uncertain PHs after analysing the order of priority by examining phylogenetic rarities of local populations (Katai et al 2013;Tomaru et al 1997).…”

Section: Potential Juvenile Loss Decadementioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting spatiotemporal changes in suitable climate conditions to regenerate trees using niche differences between adult and juvenile trees

et al. 2015

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Assessing suitable climate conditions to regenerate trees over a large area is of great importance to investigate potential impacts of climate change. In this study, we developed a size-based species distribution model (SBSDM) to assess spatiotemporal changes in the tree regeneration niche separately from the growth niche in adults. Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata) was selected as the target species. We projected (1) areas where adult and juvenile potential habitats (PHs) overlapped, (2)only-adult PHs, (3) only-juvenile PHs, and (4) non-habitats for 2080-2099 using the SBSDM, a distribution dataset from the Phytosociological Relevé Database of Japan, and a future climatic dataset from 24 general circulation models (GCMs). We also projected juvenile PHs for all decades between 2011 and 2099 using four representative GCMs to assess potential lost decades of the regeneration niche. The SBSDM provided sufficient projections of adult and juvenile tree distributions as well as their niche differences under the current climate. Overlapping areas and only-adult PHs were projected to decrease by the end of this century. An increase in only-juvenile PHs was projected to occur in snowy regions, with juvenile PHs starting to decrease in warm and less snowy regions. Furthermore, juvenile PHs are expected to decrease widely around 2060 as well as at the end of this century due to considerable rapid warming around those times. We conclude that regeneration of F. crenata will start to decline in 2060, but snowy conditions will postpone the timing of the regeneration loss, causing an increase in only-juvenile PHs.

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Indigenous genetic lineages ofFagus crenatafound in the Izu Peninsula suggest that there was one of refugia for the species during the last glacial maximum

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Low‐elevation warm‐edge Fagus crenata populations in the core of the species range are glacial relicts with high conservation value

Low‐elevation warm‐edge Fagus crenata populations in the core of the species range are glacial relicts with high conservation value

Possible northern persistence of Siebold’s beech, Fagus crenata, at its northernmost distribution limit on an island in Japan Sea: Okushiri Island, Hokkaido

Projecting spatiotemporal changes in suitable climate conditions to regenerate trees using niche differences between adult and juvenile trees

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