Indigenous Transmission of <i>Mycobacterium africanum</i> in Canada: A Case Series and Cluster Analysis

Chakravarti, Arpita; Soualhine, Hafid; Sharma, Meenu K.; Rivest, Paul; Poirier, Lionel A.; Lavallée, Christian

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz088

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…19 Despite low rates of drug resistance, TB remains a public health concern due to disease reactivation following immigration, episodic domestic person-to-person transmission and ongoing outbreaks within remote communities. [25][26][27] Case distribution is disproportionate, with most cases presenting in foreign-born individuals (71.8%) and Canadian-born Indigenous populations (17.4%), where rates reached 360/1 00 000 population between 2012 and 2015, a higher rate than most sub-Saharan African countries. 28 As is the case in most HICs, TB services in Canada are entirely funded by the country's public health system.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2020, the number of reported active TB cases totalled 1765, representing an increase from the previous year and 80.2% of the 2200 cases estimated to have occurred 19. Despite low rates of drug resistance, TB remains a public health concern due to disease reactivation following immigration, episodic domestic person-to-person transmission and ongoing outbreaks within remote communities 25–27. Case distribution is disproportionate, with most cases presenting in foreign-born individuals (71.8%) and Canadian-born Indigenous populations (17.4%), where rates reached 360/1 00 000 population between 2012 and 2015, a higher rate than most sub-Saharan African countries 28.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complexities and benefits of adopting next-generation sequencing-based tuberculosis diagnostics: a qualitative study among stakeholders in low and high-income countries

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesTo clarify perceived benefits, barriers and facilitators ofMycobacterium tuberculosisnext-generation sequencing implementation in Madagascar and Canada, towards informing implementation of this diagnostic technology in public health agencies and clinical settings in and beyond these settings.DesignThis qualitative study involved conducting semistructured interviews with key stakeholders engaged with next-generation sequencing implementation in Madagascar and Canada. Team-based descriptive analysis supported by Nvivo V.12.0 was used to identify key themes.SettingThe study was conducted with participants involved at the clinical, diagnostic and surveillance levels of tuberculosis (TB) management from Madagascar and Canada.ParticipantsEighteen participants were interviewed (nine Madagascar and nine Canada) and included individuals purposively sampled based on involvement with TB surveillance, laboratory diagnosis and clinical management.ResultsThe following five themes emerged in the analysis of Malagasy and Canadian interviews: (1) heterogeneity in experience with established TB diagnostics, (2) variable understanding of new sequencing-based diagnostics potential; (3) further evidence as being key to expand adoption; (4) ethical arguments and concerns; (5) operational and system-level considerations.ConclusionThere persists important lack of familiarity with TB next-generation sequencing (TB NGS) applications among stakeholders in Canada and Madagascar. This translates into skepticism on the evidence underlying its use and its true potential value added within global public health systems. If deployed, TB NGS testing should be integrated with clinical and surveillance programmes. Although this is perceived as a priority, leadership and funding responsibilities for this integration to happen remains unclear to clinical, laboratory and public health stakeholders.

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Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexities and benefits of adopting next-generation sequencing-based tuberculosis diagnostics: a qualitative study among stakeholders in low and high-income countries

et al. 2023

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“…Similarly, in Canada, of the 4 M . africanum TB cases reported between 2004 to 2015 [ 31 ], 2 of them were of Canadian-born patients with no travel history to West Africa [ 31 ]. Additionally, in 2020, a case of M .…”

Section: Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis-causing Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium africanum: Knowns and unknowns

Silva

Cá²,

Osório³

et al. 2022

PLoS Pathog

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Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest threats to human health, is mainly caused by 2 highly related and human-adapted bacteria broadly known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium africanum. Whereas M. tuberculosis is widely spread, M. africanum is restricted to West Africa, where it remains a significant cause of tuberculosis. Although several differences have been identified between these 2 pathogens, M. africanum remains a lot less studied than M. tuberculosis. Here, we discuss the genetic, phenotypic, and clinical similarities and differences between strains of M. tuberculosis and M. africanum. We also discuss our current knowledge on the immune response to M. africanum and how it possibly articulates with distinct disease progression and with the geographical restriction attributed to this pathogen. Understanding the functional impact of the diversity existing in TB-causing bacteria, as well as incorporating this diversity in TB research, will contribute to the development of better, more specific approaches to tackle TB.

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Isoniazid/prednisone

2019

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Indigenous Transmission of Mycobacterium africanum in Canada: A Case Series and Cluster Analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Complexities and benefits of adopting next-generation sequencing-based tuberculosis diagnostics: a qualitative study among stakeholders in low and high-income countries

Complexities and benefits of adopting next-generation sequencing-based tuberculosis diagnostics: a qualitative study among stakeholders in low and high-income countries

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium africanum: Knowns and unknowns

Isoniazid/prednisone

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