Indigestible Particulate Passage in White-Tailed Deer

Barnes, Thomas G.; Varner, Larry W.; Blankenship, Lytle H.; Gallagher, James F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2782-3_100

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Passage rate ultimately determines fiber digestion (Huston et al 1986). These factors (passage rate, low cellulose digestion, and tannin formed insoluble complexes) might have accounted for the low DMD of guajillo during the late summer and fall periods especially since passage rate of guajillo is fastest during the late summer period (Barnes et al 1991).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CP content of the browse rations were well above the 6 to 8% required for minimal ruminal function, but available protein became low as the forages matured and tannin levels increased. Protein precipitation during the late summer and fall periods was exacerbated due to low quantities of NDFN being digested, which may be a function of rapid passage of fiber particles (Barnes et al 1991) or tanninprotein complexes (Reed 1986, Reed et al 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digestibility of Guajillo for White-Tailed Deer

Barnes¹,

Blankenship²,

Varner³

et al. 1991

Journal of Range Management

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A study was conducted from May 1986 to June 1987 with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to determine seasonal nutritive value and nutrient digestibilities of guajillo (Acuciu berlandieri) and a pelleted diet. In vivo dry matter digestibility (DMD) of guajillo varied seasonally from 35.2 to 48.1% and was inversely correlated to levels of condensed tannins in the forage. Apparent protein digestibility varied seasonally from 13.7 to 45.8% and was a highly dependent function (R* = 0.97) of the amount of neutral detergent fiber nitrogen (NDFN) digested and the negative impact of condensed tannins. Cellulose and hemicellulose digestibilities also varied seasonally (0.6 to 13.5% and 52.3 to 71.1%, respectively). Nutrient digestibilities of the pelleted diet did not vary by season, sex, or age. Dry matter digestibility of the pelleted diet was 75.6$$0 f 0.9 and true protein digestibility was 95.0 f 0.04. Results suggest summer is a stressful period for south Texas deer due to low protein and energy digestibility and high levels of condensed tannins.Varner and Blankenship 1987, Barnes et al. 1990). Answers to these questions would allow a more adequate determination of rangeland nutritional carrying capacity for white-tailed deer. Because many ranchers in south Texas feed deer a supplement year round, we also investigated in vivo nutrient digestibilities of a pelleted ration, thus determining the optimum period for supplementation. MethodsThe dietary importance of forage species studied was determined from published studies (Hughes 1982, Varner and Blankenship 1987) and examination of rumen contents of sacrificed deer from Dimmit, LaSalle, Maverick, Uvalde, and Zavala counties, Texas (Varner unpubl. data). Guajillo (Acacia berlandieri) is eaten by deer and cattle during all seasons and may constitute up to 37% of the diet (Hughes 1982, Varner and Blankenship 1987). . Serve110 provided helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This is contribution TA239900 of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. the pelleted diet was not conducted during the fall because this is not a nutritionally stressful period for deer. Experimental animals were born in captivity, hand-reared on evaporated milk and calf starter, and thereafter maintained on a nutritionally complete pelleted ration supplemented with browse, alfalfa, or native hay, and field corn. A mixture of adult (>2.5 years of age) male and female animals, that were well acclimated to metabolism crates, were used in trials with guajillo because there were no differences in pelleted diet nutrient digestibilities attributed to sex.Deer (N = 6) were confined in 1.2 X 1.2 X 1.2 m metabolism crates that were housed in a climate-controlled room. Temperatures closely approximated outdoor conditions except in summer,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestibility of Guajillo for White-Tailed Deer

Barnes¹,

Blankenship²,

Varner³

et al. 1991

Journal of Range Management

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“…Several studies have investigated the retention time of chemically labeled foods in white-tailed deer digestive tracts (Mautz and Petrides 1971, Jenks and Leslie 1989, Barnes et al 1992. The distribution of retention times after the first appearance of label is approximately log normal, and the compartment models of Pond et al (1988) for passage through ruminant digestive tracts provide excellent fits to data (Jenks andLeslie 1989, Barnes et al 1992).…”

Section: Seed Shadows Generated By Deermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach is also realistic for Trillium in that its seeds are relatively large and heavy, and such seeds pass most rapidly through ruminant digestive tracts (Gardener et al 1993). To estimate RT, we first fit the G2 two-compartment model of Pond et al (1988) to a data set in Barnes et al (1992) reporting the concentration of chemical label defecated over time (r 2 ϭ 0.99). The G2 two-compartment model combines a gamma distribution of residence times in one digestive compartment, and an exponential distribution in a second digestive compartment (Pond et al 1988).…”

Section: Seed Shadows Generated By Deermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal of Trillium Seeds by Deer: Implications for Long-Distance Migration of Forest Herbs

Vellend

Myers

Gardescu

et al. 2003

Ecology

215

160

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Theoretical models of plant range expansion require the assumption of occasional long‐distance seed‐dispersal events to explain post‐glacial migration rates. For the many forest herbs whose seeds are dispersed primarily by ants, there are few documented mechanisms of occasional long‐distance dispersal, so models of forest‐herb migration have been largely phenomenological. Here we show that viable seeds of Trillium grandiflorum, an ant‐dispersed forest herb in eastern North America, are dispersed via ingestion and defecation by white‐tailed deer. We also use data from the literature on movement patterns and gut retention times to model a deer‐generated seed shadow, showing that most seeds dispersed by deer should travel at least several hundred meters from parent plants, and occasionally >3 km. Our results provide a mechanism of long‐distance dispersal that has likely contributed to rates of post‐glacial migration and post‐agricultural forest colonization. Corresponding Editor: M. L. Cain

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“…Vellend et al (2003) projected that white-tailed deer could disperse native Trillium grandiflorum seeds up to 4 km from the parent plant. Maximum elk home ranges are estimated at 1590 ha (Szmenthy et al, 1994) or 4000 m in length (Pakeman, 2001) and gut retention times are similar to deer (Barnes et al, 1992;Milne et al, 1978). So elk can potentially disperse seeds at least as far as deer are capable.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%