Indirect injection diesel engine operation on palm oil methyl esters and its emulsions

Abstract

Results of exhaust emissions and lube oil analysis of a diesel engine fuelled with Malaysian palm oil diesel (POD or palm oil methyl esters) and ordinary diesel (OD) emulsions containing 5 and 10 per cent of water by volume are compared with those obtained when 100 per cent POD and OD fuel were used. Very promising results have been obtained. Neither the lower cetane number of POD fuel nor its emulsification with water presented any obstacle to the operation of a diesel engine during steady state engine tests and the 20 hour endurance tests. Polymerization and carbon deposits on fuel injector nozzles were monitored. Engine performance and fuel consumption for POD and its emulsions are comparable with those of OD fuel. Accumulations of wear metal debris in crank-case oil samples were lower with POD and emulsified fuels compared with baseline OD fuel. Both OD and POD emulsions with 10 per cent water by volume show a promising tendency for wear resistance. The exhaust emissions for POD and emulsified fuels are found to be much cleaner, containing less CO, CO2, HC, NOx, SOx and smoke level. Power output is slightly reduced when using POD and emulsified fuels.

Biodiesel Production from Locally Sourced Restaurant Waste Cooking Oil and Grease: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation

“…As the use of biodiesel increases, it is important to meet the standards for biodiesel as a fuel. Therefore, the nature of the feedstock in the production of biodiesel needs to be clearly identified, and the complete characterization of the produced biodiesel has been an important aspect of biodiesel research. − The performance of the biodiesels from different sources and their exhaust gas emissions have been studied as well. − Different characterization methods have been employed to determine various chemical and physical properties of the generated biodiesel. ,− The characterization methods include monitoring of the transesterification process [Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)], fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs)’ composition analysis [gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)], trace metal analysis [inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS)], kinematic viscosity, and heat of combustion (calorimeter).…”

Influence of Palm Methyl Ester (PME) as an Alternative Fuel in Multicylinder Diesel Engine

“…Biodiesel viscosity is an crucial parameter, which influences fuel injection timing and ignition delay in combustion systems (Ayhan, 2011;Sundar Raj & Sendilvelan, 2010), thus it is investigated in this work. According to Masjuki, Abdulmuin & Sii (1996), de Almeida, Belchior, Nascimento, Vieira &Fleury (2002), andGerhard (2010), the higher viscosity of biodiesel leads to poor atomization and the clogging of fuel lines, as well as carbon deposits, and thus causes higher injection volumes and pressures when operating at lower engine operating temperatures. The higher viscosity of biodiesel is mostly due to the higher length of the fatty acid chains of ethyl esters.…”

Modelling and Validation of Automotive Engine Fuelled with Palm Oil Biodiesel

“…They even extend their studies toward the development of a dynamic model and simulation of the palm waste boiler [3]. While Masjuki et al [4] studied the performance and tribological characteristics of an indirect diesel engine operation on palm oil methyl esters and its emulsion.…”