“…And what's worse, without an account of the physics underlying the optimal guidance problem, it's not reasonable to expect too much from the direct method with regard to the global optimality of its results, as GALLOP claims, i.e., gravity-assisted low-thrust local optimization program. Indirect method [6][7][8][9][10] in trajectory optimization, on the other hand, taking into account more intrinsic optimal structures, unveiled by the optimal control theory [11][12][13], especially PMP, is believed likely to provide one with more reliable global optimal results at much fewer computation costs. However, difficulties from the indirect method seem formidable when the fuel optimal low thrust trajectory is treated.…”