Indium chloride‐induced micronuclei via reactive oxygen species in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells

Abstract

We study the cytotoxicity of indium chloride (InCl₃) in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, the V79 cells, using MTT assay. The results showed that InCl₃ did not induce significant cytotoxicity at various concentrations tested. In addition, the frequency of micronuclei (MN) was assayed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of InCl₃ in V79 cells. InCl₃ at concentrations ranged 0.1-1 μM significantly increased MN frequency in a concentration-dependent manner. Both catalase and superoxide dismutase at concentrations of 75 and 150 μg/mL significantly inhibited InCl₃-induced MN. Similarly, Germanium oxide (GeO₂) and dimercaprol expressed antigenotoxic effects. From these findings, it is concluded that InCl₃ is a potent genotoxic chemical, which may be mediated partly by inducing oxidative stress. The significance of this study shows that the workers in the semiconductor factories should be cautious in exposing to the hazardous genotoxic InCl₃.

Macrophage Solubilization and Cytotoxicity of Indium-Containing Particles as in vitro Correlates to Pulmonary Toxicity in vivo

“…Particleinduced cytotoxicity (with necrosis and/or apoptosis of the macrophage), which is much greater for InP compared with ITO, results in further release of solubilized (ionic) indium (together with other factors) extracellularly by the dying cells. This "free" ionic indium, which is much more toxic than particulate InP, may then in part drive pulmonary toxicity downstream via, for example, direct toxicity on adjacent macrophages, lung epithelial cells, and/or other cell types and/or indirectly via the induction of toxic-free radicals/reactive oxygen species causing oxidative stress (Chibli et al, 2011;Gottschling et al, 2001;Lin et al, 2013;Lison et al, 2009;Zurita et al, 2007).…”

Wogonin attenuates endotoxin‐induced prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide production via Src‐ERK1/2‐NFκB pathway in BV‐2 microglial cells

“…Viability of BV2 cells after treating with wogonin was determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay (Lin et al, ). BV2 cells were plated in 24‐well culture plates (2 × 10 5 cells/well), pre‐treated with different concentrations of wogonin (1, 3, 10, or 30 μM) for 18 h, then incubated with 0.5 mg/mL of MTT solution for 2 h at 37°C.…”

Genotoxicity of indium tin oxide by Allium and Comet tests

“…ITO also increased mutation in rat alveolar type II cells (Driscoll et al 1997) and carcinogenicity in male and female rats (Nagano et al 2011). Indium chloride also induced micronuclei formation (Takagi et al 2011;Lin et al 2011). Due the ability of the Comet assay to detect low levels of DNA damage in different cell types, the Comet assay represents a powerful tool with which to identify DNA damage.…”